drink comprising glycosides

专利摘要:
METHODS FOR PURIFYING STEVIOL GLYCOIDS AND USES OF THE SAME. These are methods for purifying steviol glycosides, which include Rebaudioside X. The sweetener and the sweetened element containing Rebaudioside X are also provided herein. Methods for enhancing the taste and aroma and / or the time profile of sweetenable compositions, such as drinks, are also provided.
公开号:BR112014014965B1
申请号:R112014014965-8
申请日:2012-12-19
公开日:2021-01-05
发明作者:Indra Prakash；Avetik Markosyan；Venkata Sai Prakash Chaturvedulla；Mary Campbell；Rafael San Miguel；Siddhartha PURKAYASTHA；Marquita Johnson
申请人:The Coca-Cola Company；Purecircle Sdn Bhd；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED ORDERS
[0001] This application claims priority to Provisional Patent Application No. US 61 / 577,202, filed on December 19, 2011, and Provisional Patent Application No. US 61 / 651,099, filed on May 24, 2012, contents of which are incorporated in their entirety as a reference. FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates, in general, to a process for purifying one or more steviol glycosides, such as Rebaudioside X (Reb X), from a steviol glycoside solution. The present invention also relates to sweetener compositions and sweetened compositions that contain one or more steviol glycosides, which include Reb X, and methods for preparing the same. The present invention also relates to methods for providing a sugar-like flavor and a time profile to sweetener compositions and sweetened compositions using Reb X. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Natural caloric sugars, such as sucrose, fructose and glucose, are used to provide a pleasant taste to drinks, foods, medicines, and oral hygiene products and cosmetic products. Sucrose, in particular, gives a taste preferred by consumers. Although sucrose provides superior sweetness characteristics, it is caloric. Non-calorie or low-calorie sweeteners were introduced to satisfy consumer demand. However, sweeteners within this class differ from natural caloric sugars, so they continue to frustrate consumers. With regard to flavor, non-calorie or low-calorie sweeteners exhibit a time profile, maximum response, flavor profile, mouth feel, and / or adaptation behavior that differ from sugar. Specifically, non-calorie or low-calorie sweeteners exhibit delayed sweetness initiation, long lasting sweet aftertaste, bitter taste, metallic taste, astringent flavor, refreshing flavor and / or licorice-like flavor. Regarding the source, many non-calorie or low-calorie sweeteners are synthetic chemicals. The desire for a non-caloric or low-calorie natural sweetener with a taste similar to sucrose remains high.
[0004] Stevia rebaudiana Berton is a permanent perennial shrub to the family Asteraceae (Compositae), native to certain regions of South America. Its leaves have been traditionally used for hundreds of years in Paraguay and Brazil to sweeten teas and local medicines. The plant is commercially grown in Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia, South Korea, China, Israel, India, Brazil, Australia and Paraguay.
[0005] The leaves of the plant contain a mixture containing diterpene glycosides in an amount ranging from about 10 to 20% of the total dry weight. These diterpene glycosides are about 150 to 450 times sweeter than sugar. Structurally, diterpene glycosides are characterized by a single base, steviol, and differ in the presence of carbohydrate residues at positions C13 and C19, as shown in Figures 2a to 2k. Typically, in terms of dry weight, the four main steviol glycosides found in Stevia leaves are Dulcoside A (0.3%), Rebaudioside C (0.6 to 1.0%), Rebaudioside A (3.8%) and Stevioside (9.1%). Other glycosides identified in Stevia extract include Rebaudioside B, D, E, and F, Steviobioside and Rubusoside. Among these, only Stevioside and Rebaudioside A are available on a commercial scale.
[0006] Steviol glycosides can be extracted from leaves with the use of either water or by extraction with organic solvent. Supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation methods have also been described. Methods for recovery of sweet diterpene glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana using supercritical CO2, membrane technology and aqueous or organic solvents, such as methanol and ethanol, can also be used.
[0007] The use of steviol glycosides has so far been limited by certain undesirable taste properties, which include licorice taste, bitterness, astringency, sweet aftertaste, bitter aftertaste, residual licorice aftertaste, and which become more prominent with increasing concentration. These undesirable flavor attributes are particularly prominent in carbonated drinks, where complete sugar replacement requires concentrations of steviol glycosides that exceed 500 mg / l. Use at this level results in significant deterioration in the taste of the final product.
[0008] Consequently, there remains a need to develop natural sweeteners with reduced or non-caloric content that provide a time profile and flavor profile similar to those of sucrose.
[0009] There remains an additional need to develop sweetened compositions, such as beverages, that contain natural sweeteners with reduced or non-caloric content that provide a time profile and flavor profile similar to those of sucrose. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention provides a method for purifying the steviol glycoside Reb X from a steviol glycoside solution:

[0011] In one embodiment, the present invention is a method for purifying Reb X which includes passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system that includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin, to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides and elutes fractions with a high Reb X content from at least one column that has absorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content.
[0012] As the steviol glycoside solution passes through the multiple column system, the various steviol glycosides separate into different portions of different columns. The portions differ from each other in both total steviol glycoside content and individual glycoside content (particularly Reb X). Fractions containing a high content of Reb X are eluted / desorbed from the multi-column system separately from fractions containing a low content of Reb X.
[0013] Optionally, the method includes one or more additional steps. In one embodiment, the method includes washing the multi-column system with a washing solution before eluting high Reb X fractions in order to remove impurities.
[0014] In another embodiment, the method optionally includes decolorizing the eluted solution with a high Reb X content, removing the alcoholic solvent and passing the remaining solution through a column with macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution.
[0015] In another embodiment, the method optionally includes deionizing the second adsorption solution. The second adsorption solution can then be concentrated to partially remove solvent to provide a mixture of high Reb X content which contain about 30% to about 40% solids content.
[0016] Further purification can be achieved by mixing a mixture of high content of Reb X which contains from about 30% to about 40% solids with a first alcoholic solvent to provide a solution of Reb X, induce crystallization to provide first crystals of Reb X, and separate the first crystals of Reb X from the solution, where the first crystals have a purity level greater than about 60% (w / w) on a dry basis. In some embodiments, the purity of the first crystals exceeds 60%, such as, for example, more than about 65%, more than about 70%, more than about 75%, more than about 80% , more than about 85%.
[0017] To achieve higher levels of purity, the first crystals can then be suspended in a second aqueous alcohol solution to provide second Reb X crystals and a third aqueous alcohol solution. The second crystals of Reb X can be separated from the third aqueous alcohol solution. These second crystals can have a purity level greater than about 90% (w / w) on a dry basis.
[0018] Fractions containing low Reb X content can also be further treated according to certain methods provided in this document. Optionally, the method includes one or more additional steps. In one embodiment, the method includes washing the multi-column system with a washing solution before eluting low Reb X fractions in order to remove impurities.
[0019] In another embodiment, the method optionally includes decolorizing the eluted steviol glycoside solution, removing the alcoholic solvent and passing the remaining solution through a column with macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution.
[0020] In another embodiment, the method optionally includes deionizing the eluted steviol glycoside solution. Removal of the remaining solvent from the eluted solution - optionally discolored and / or deionized - provides a mixture of highly purified steviol glycoside with at least about 95% by weight total steviol glycosides on a dry basis.
[0021] The method of the present invention also includes preparing the steviol glycoside solution. In one embodiment, the steviol glycoside solution is prepared by supplying leaves from the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, producing a crude extract by contacting the leaves with solvent, separating insoluble material from the crude extract to provide a first filtrate containing steviol glycosides, and treating the first filtrate to remove high molecular weight compounds and insoluble particles, thereby providing a second filtrate containing steviol glycosides. The second filtrate is then treated with an ion exchange resin to remove salts, thereby providing a resin treated filtrate, which serves as the steviol glycoside solution in the method of the present invention.
[0022] The source of the steviol glycoside solution may vary. In one embodiment, the steviol glycoside solution may be a commercially available Stevia extract or a mixture of steviol glycoside. In another embodiment, the steviol glycoside solution can be prepared from plant material (e.g., leaves) from the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, as described in the present document. Alternatively, the steviol glycoside solution may be the by-product of the other steviol glycosides from isolation and purification processes from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant material.
[0023] According to one aspect of the invention, a method for producing purified Reb X comprises the steps of: supplying material from the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant; produce a crude extract by contacting Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant material with an extractor solvent, such as water; separating insoluble material from the first extract to provide a filtrate containing steviol glycosides; deionize the filtrate; passing the filtrate feed over a series of columns packed with macroporous polar resin and eluting steviol glycosides to provide eluates containing high fractions of Reb X and low fractions of Reb X; discolor the solutions; evaporate and deionize; concentrate by nano filters and dry.
[0024] Sweetener compositions comprising Reb X are also provided in this document. In one embodiment, Reb X is present in an amount effective to provide a sweetness equivalence of about 0.5 to about 14 degrees Brix of sucrose when present in a sweetened composition. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in an amount effective to provide sucrose equivalence of more than about 10% when present in a sweetened composition.
[0025] Reb X can be used in any form. In one embodiment, Reb X is the only sweetener in a sweetener composition. In another embodiment Reb X is provided as part of a composition or mixture. In one embodiment, Reb X is supplied in a Stevia extract, where the Reb X component constitutes about 5% to about 99% of Stevia extract by weight on a dry basis. In a further embodiment, Reb X is supplied in a mixture of steviol glycosides, where Reb X constitutes about 5% to about 99% of the steviol glycoside mixture by weight on a dry basis.
[0026] Sweetener compositions may also contain one or more additional sweeteners, which include, for example, natural sweeteners, high potency sweeteners, carbohydrate sweeteners, synthetic sweeteners and combinations thereof.
[0027] Particularly desirable sweetener compositions comprise Reb X and a compound selected from the group consisting of Reb A, Reb B, Reb D, NSF-02, mogroside V, erythritol or combinations thereof.
[0028] Sweetener compositions may also contain one or more additives, which include, for example, carbohydrates, polyols, amino acids and their corresponding salts, polyamino acids and their corresponding salts, sugar acids and their corresponding salts, nucleotides, organic acids , inorganic acids, organic salts, which includes salts of organic acids and salts of organic bases, inorganic salts, bitter compounds, flavorings and flavoring ingredients, astringent compounds, proteins or protein hydrolysates, surfactants, emulsifiers, flavonoids, alcohols, polymers and combinations of these.
[0029] Sweetener compositions may also contain one or more functional ingredients, such as, for example, saponins, antioxidants, dietary fiber sources, fatty acids, vitamins, glucosamine, minerals, preservatives, moisturizing agents, probiotics, prebiotics, agents weight control agents, osteoporosis control agents, phytoestrogens, long chain primary aliphatic saturated alcohols, phytosterols and combinations thereof.
[0030] Methods of preparing the sweetener compositions are also provided. In one embodiment, a method for preparing a sweetener composition comprises combining Reb X and at least one sweetener and / or additive and / or functional ingredient. In another embodiment, a method for preparing the sweetener composition comprises combining a composition comprising Reb X and at least one sweetener and / or additive and / or functional ingredient.
[0031] The sweetened composition containing Reb X or the sweetener compositions of the present invention are also provided herein. Sweetened compositions include, for example, pharmaceutical compositions, mixtures and edible gel compositions, dental compositions, foodstuffs, beverages and beverage products.
[0032] Methods of preparing sweetened compositions are also provided in this document. In one embodiment, a method for preparing a sweetened composition comprises combining a sweetening composition and Reb X. The method may additionally include the addition of one or more sweeteners, additives and / or functional ingredients. In another embodiment, a method for preparing a sweetened composition comprises combining a sweetening composition and a sweetening composition comprising Reb X. The sweetening composition may optionally comprise one or more sweeteners, additives and / or functional ingredients.
[0033] In particular embodiments, beverages containing Reb X or the sweetener compositions of the present invention are also provided herein. The drinks contain a liquid matrix, such as, for example, deionized water, distilled water, reverse osmosis water, carbon treated water, purified water, demineralized water, phosphoric acid, phosphate buffer, citric acid, citrate buffer and water carbon treated.
[0034] Total, medium, low, or zero calorie drinks containing Reb X, or the sweetener compositions of the present invention, are also provided.
[0035] Methods of preparing drinks are also provided in this document. In one embodiment, a method for preparing a drink comprises combining Reb X and a liquid matrix. The method may additionally comprise the addition of one or more sweeteners, additives and / or functional ingredients to the beverage. In another embodiment, a method for preparing a beverage comprises combining a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and a liquid matrix.
[0036] Common sweetener compositions containing Reb X or the sweetener compositions of the present invention are also provided herein. The ordinary composition may additionally include at least one bulking agent, an additive, an anti-caking agent, a functional ingredient and combinations thereof. The common sweetener composition may be present in the form of a solid or a liquid. The common liquid sweetener may comprise water and, optionally, additives, such as, for example, polyols (for example, erythritol, sorbitol, propylene glycol or glycerol), acids (for example, citric acid), antimicrobial agents (for example, acid benzoyl or a salt thereof).
[0037] Delivery systems comprising Reb X or the sweetener compositions of the present invention are also provided herein, such as, for example, sweetener compositions co-crystallized with a sugar or polyol, agglomerated sweetener compositions, sweetener compositions compressed, dry sweetener compositions, particle sweetener compositions, spherical sweetener compositions, granular sweetener compositions and liquid sweetener compositions.
[0038] Finally, a method for imparting a more sugar-like time profile, a sugar-like flavor profile, or both, to a sweetened composition, comprises combining a sweetening composition with Reb X or the sweetener compositions of the present invention , is also provided in this document. The method may additionally include the addition of other sweeteners, additives, functional ingredients and combinations thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] The accompanying drawings are included to provide additional understanding of the invention. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the specification, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments of the invention.
[0040] Figure 1 shows the chemical structure of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves.
[0041] Figures 2a to 2k show the chemical structures of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni glycosides.
[0042] Figures 3a, 3b show HPLC signs of Reb X at various stages of purification. Figure 3a shows the 80% pure Reb X HPLC signal. Figure 3b shows the HPLC signal of Reb X 97% (HPLC conditions provided in the section "Elution of adsorbed steviol glycosides").
[0043] Figure 4 shows the HPLC signal reference standards of Reb A, Reb B, Reb C, Reb D, Reb F, Stevioside, Dulcoside A, Steviosbioside and Rubusoside (HPLC conditions provided in the section "Elution of adsorbed steviol glycosides ").
[0044] Figure 5 shows the FT X spectrum of Reb X.
[0045] Figures 6a and 6b show high resolution spectrum data for Reb X.
[0046] Figures 7a and 7b show the 13 X NMR spectrum of Reb X (150 MHz, C5D5N).
[0047] Figures 8a, 8b and 8c show the 1H NMR spectrum of Reb X (600 MHz, C5D5N).
[0048] Figure 9 shows the COZY spectrum 1H-1H of Reb X (600 MHz, C5D5N).
[0049] Figure 10 shows the HMBC spectrum of Reb X (600 MHz, C5D5N).
[0050] Figure 11 shows a sensory comparison of Reb X and Reb A in filtered water.
[0051] Figure 12 shows a sensory comparison of Reb X and Reb A in acidified water.
[0052] Figure 13 shows a sensory comparison of Reb X and NSF-02 in various concentrations in acidified water.
[0053] Figure 14 shows a sensory comparison of Reb X and Reb B in various concentrations in acidified water.
[0054] Figure 15 shows a sensory comparison of Reb X and Mogroside V in various concentrations in acidified water.
[0055] Figure 16 shows a sensory comparison of Reb X and erythritol in various concentrations in acidified water.
[0056] Figure 17 shows a sensory comparison of (i) Reb X, (ii) Reb X and Reb A and (iii) Reb X and Reb D in various concentrations in acidified water.
[0057] Figure 18 shows a sensory comparison of (i) Reb X, (ii) Reb X, Reb X and Reb 10 D and (iii) Reb X, Reb B and Reb D in various concentrations in acidified water.
[0058] Figure 19 shows the chemical structure of Reb X. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0059] As used herein, the term "steviol glycoside (s)" refers to steviol glycosides, which include, but are not limited to, naturally occurring steviol glycosides, for example, Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside B, Rebaudioside C, Rebaudioside D, Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside F, Rebaudioside X, Stevioside, Steviobioside, Dulcoside A, Rubusoside, etc., or synthetic steviol glycosides, for example, enzymatically glycoside steviol glycosides and combinations thereof.
[0060] As used herein, the term "total steviol glycosides" (TSG) is calculated as the sum of the content of all steviol glycosides on a dry (anhydrous) basis, which includes, for example, Rebaudioside A (Reb A), Rebaudioside B (Reb B), Rebaudioside C (Reb C), Rebaudioside D (Reb D), Rebaudioside E (Reb E), Rebaudioside F (Reb F), Rebaudioside X (Reb X), Stevioside, Steviosbioside , Dulcoside A and Rubusoside.
[0061] As used herein, the term "Reb X / TSG ratio" is calculated as the ratio of Reb X and TSG content on a dry basis as per the formula below:
[0062] {Reb X content (% dry base) / TSG content (% dry base)} X 100%
[0063] As used herein, the term "steviol glycoside solution" refers to any solution containing a solvent and steviol glycosides. An example of a steviol glycoside solution is the resin-treated filtrate obtained from purification of Stevia rebaudiana plant material (eg leaves), described below, or by-products of other steviol glycoside purification and isolation processes. Another example of a steviol glycoside solution is a commercially available Stevia extract, placed in solution with a solvent. Yet another example of a steviol glycoside solution is a mixture of commercially available steviol glycosides, placed in solution with a solvent.
[0064] In another aspect of the invention, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: a. passing a solution of steviol glycosides through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; B. elute fractions with a high Reb X content from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content.
[0065] In another aspect of the invention, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: passing a solution of steviol glycosides through a multi-column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column which has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; and eluting high Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content.
[0066] In another embodiment, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: passing a solution of steviol glycosides through a multi-column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; eluting high Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content; decolorize the solution eluted with a high Reb X content to provide a first adsorption solution; and removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution.
[0067] In another embodiment, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: passing a solution of steviol glycosides through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; eluting high Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content; decolorize the solution eluted with a high Reb X content to provide a first adsorption solution; and removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution.
[0068] In another embodiment, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; elute fractions with a high Reb X content from at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content: deionize the solution.
[0069] In another embodiment, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; eluting high Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content; and deionize the solution.
[0070] In another embodiment, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; eluting high Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content; decolorize the solution eluted with a high Reb X content to provide a first adsorption solution; and removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution; deionize the second adsorption solution.
[0071] In another embodiment, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; eluting high Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content; decolorize the solution eluted with a high Reb X content to provide a first adsorption solution; removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution; and deionizing the second adsorption solution.
[0072] The removal of the alcoholic solvent from any of the above mentioned processes related to the purification of Reb X provides a mixture of high content of Reb X. Subsequent removal of aqueous solvent provides a mixture of high content of Reb X which contains about 30% to about 40% solids content, as discussed in the "Concentration" section below. Alternatively, substantially all of the solvent can be removed to provide a dry powder with a high Reb X content.
[0073] In one embodiment, a method for purifying Reb X comprises: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multi-column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; eluting high Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted solution with a high Reb X content; decolorize the solution eluted with a high Reb X content to provide a first adsorption solution; removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution; deionize the second adsorption solution; and remove the alcoholic solvent to provide a high Reb X mixture.
[0074] Subsequent removal of aqueous solvent provides a mixture of high content of Reb X which contains about 30% to about 40% solids content, as discussed in the "Concentration" section below. Alternatively, substantially all of the solvent can be removed to provide a dry powder with a high Reb X content.
[0075] In one embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; and eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution.
[0076] In a more specific embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; and eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution.
[0077] In another embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one of the columns that have adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution; decolorize the eluted solution to provide a first adsorption solution; and removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution.
[0078] In a more specific embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution; decolorize the eluted solution to provide a first adsorption solution; and removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution.
[0079] In yet another embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column which has adsorbed steviol glycosides; eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution; and deionize the solution.
[0080] In a more specific embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution; and deionize the solution.
[0081] In yet another embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column which has adsorbed steviol glycosides; eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution; decolorize the eluted solution to provide a first adsorption solution; removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution; and deionizing the second adsorption solution.
[0082] In a more specific embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution; decolorize the eluted solution to provide a first adsorption solution; removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution; and deionizing the second adsorption solution.
[0083] The eluted solution of steviol glycosides (discolored and / or deionized) can be partially or totally dry, that is, the solvent can be partially or completely removed to provide a partially or completely dry powder, as provided below in the " Concentration". In one embodiment, complete removal of the solvent provides a purified mixture of steviol glycosides with a total steviol glycoside content greater than about 95% on a dry basis.
[0084] In yet another embodiment, a method for purifying steviol glycosides includes: passing a steviol glycoside solution through a multiple column system, which includes a plurality of columns packed with an adsorbent resin to provide at least one column which has adsorbed steviol glycosides; removing impurities from the multi-column system; eluting low Reb X fractions from at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides to provide an eluted steviol glycoside solution; decolorize the eluted solution to provide a first adsorption solution; removing the alcoholic solvent from the first adsorption solution and passing the remaining solution through a column with a macroporous adsorbent to provide a second adsorption solution; deionize the second adsorption solution; and removing the solvent from the solution to provide a mixture of purified steviol glycoside with at least about 95% by weight of the total steviol glycosides. PREPARING THE STEVIOL GLYCOSID SOLUTION
[0085] Although the process for obtaining Reb X from Stevia rebaudiana leaves is provided in this document, people skilled in the art will recognize that the set of techniques presented below also apply to other starting materials containing Reb X, which includes, but is not limited to, commercially available Stevia extracts, commercially available steviol glycoside mixtures and by-products of other steviol glycoside isolation and purification processes.
[0086] Persons skilled in the art will also recognize that certain steps described below, such as "separating insoluble material", "removing high molecular weight compounds and insoluble particles" and "removing salts" can be omitted when the starting materials do not contain insoluble material and / or high molecular weight compounds and / or salts. For example, in cases where already purified starting materials are used, such as commercially available Stevia extracts, commercially available steviol glycoside mixtures, by-products of other isolation processes and purification of steviol glycosides, one or more of previously mentioned steps can be omitted.
[0087] People experienced in the art will also understand that, although the process described below assumes a certain order of the steps described, that order can be changed in some cases.
[0088] The process of the present invention provides complete retreatment of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant extract, with isolation and purification of a mixture of highly purified steviol glycoside or highly purified individual sweet glycosides, such as Rebaudioside X. The plant extract can be obtained using any method, such as, but not limited to, the extraction methods described in US Patent No. 7,862,845, which is incorporated in its entirety as a reference in this document, as well as membrane filtration, supercritical fluid extraction , enzyme-assisted extraction, microorganism-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, etc.
[0089] The steviol glycoside solution can be prepared from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves by contacting Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant material with solvent to produce a crude extract, separate insoluble material from the crude extract to provide a first filtrate containing steviol glycosides, treat the first filtrate to remove high molecular weight compounds and insoluble particles, thus providing a second filtrate containing steviol glycosides and treat the second filtrate with an ion exchange resin to remove salts to provide a filtrate treated with resin.
[0090] In one embodiment, Stevia rebaudiana plant material (for example, leaves) can be dried at temperatures between about 20 ° C to about 60 ° C to a moisture content between about 5% and about 8 % be reached. In a particular embodiment, the plant material can be dried between about 20 ° C and about 60 ° C for a period of time from about 1 to about 24 hours, such as, for example, between about 1 to about 12 hours, between about 1 to about 8 hours, between about 1 to about 5 hours, or between about 2 hours to about 3 hours. In other particular embodiments, the plant material can be dried at temperatures between about 40 ° C to about 45 ° C to prevent decomposition.
[0091] In some embodiments, the dry plant material is optionally ground. Particle sizes can be between about 10 to about 20 mm.
[0092] The amount of Reb X in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant material may vary. Generally speaking, Reb X should be present in an amount of at least about 0.001% by weight on an anhydrous basis.
[0093] Plant material (ground or unground) can be extracted by any suitable extraction process, such as, for example, continuous or batch reflux extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, microorganism assisted extraction , ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, etc. The solvent used for extraction can be any suitable solvent, such as, for example, polar organic solvents (degassed, vacuum, pressurized or distilled), nonpolar organic solvents, water (degassed, vacuum, pressurized, deionized, distilled, treated) carbon or reverse osmosis) or a mixture of these. In a particular embodiment, the solvent comprises water and one or more alcohols. In another embodiment, the solvent is water. In another embodiment, the solvent is one or more alcohols.
[0094] In a particular embodiment, the plant material is extracted with water in a continuous reflux extractor. A person skilled in the art will recognize that the ratio of extraction solvent to plant material will vary based on the identity of the solvent and the amount of plant material to be extracted. Generally, the ratio of extraction solvent per kilogram of dry plant material is about 20 liters to about 25 liters for about one kilogram of leaves.
[0095] The pH of the extraction solvent can be between about pH 2.0 and 7.0, such as, for example, between about pH 2.0 and about pH 5.0, between about pH 2, 0 to about pH 4.0 or between about pH 2.0 and about pH 3.0. In a particular embodiment, the extraction solvent is aqueous, for example, water and, optionally, acid and / or base in an amount to provide a pH between about pH 2.0 and 7.0, such as, for example, between about pH 2.0 and about pH 5.0, between about pH 2.0 and about pH 4.0 or between about pH 2.0 and about pH 3.0. Any suitable acid or base can be used to provide the desired pH for the extraction solvent, such as, for example, HCl, NaOH, citric acid, and the like.
[0096] Extraction can be carried out at temperatures between about 25 ° C and about 90 ° C, such as, for example, between about 30 ° C and about 80 ° C, between about 35 ° C and about 75 ° C, between about 40 ° C and about 70 ° C, between about 45 ° C and about 65 ° C or between about 50 ° C and about 60 ° C.
[0097] In embodiments in which the extraction process is a batch extraction process, the duration of the extraction can vary from about 0.5 hours to about 24 hours, such as, for example, from about 1 hour to about 12 hours, about 1 hour to about 8 hours, or about 1 hour to about 6 hours.
[0098] In embodiments in which the extraction process is a continuous process, the duration of extraction can vary from about 1 hour to about 5 hours, such as, for example, from about 2.5 hours to about 3 hours hours.
[0099] After extraction, insoluble plant material can be separated from the solution by filtration to provide a filtrate containing steviol glycosides, referred to herein as a "first filtrate containing steviol glycosides". Separation can be achieved by any suitable means, which includes, but is not limited to, gravity filtration, a plate and frame filter press, cross flow filters, screen filters, Nutsche filters, belt filters, ceramic, membrane filters, microfilters, nanofilters, ultrafilters or centrifugation. Optionally, several filtration assistants, such as diatomaceous earth, bentonite, zeolite, etc., can also be used in this process.
[0100] After separation, the pH of the first filtrate containing steviol glycosides can be adjusted to remove additional impurities. In one embodiment, the pH of the first filtrate containing steviol glycosides can be adjusted to between about 8.5 and about 10.0 by treatment with a base, such as, for example, calcium oxide or hydroxide (about 1 , 0% of the filtrate volume) with slow stirring.
[0101] Treatment of the first filtrate with the base, as established above, results in a suspension, the pH of which can be adjusted to about 3.0 to about 4.0 by treatment with any suitable flocculation / coagulation agent. Suitable flocculation / coagulation agents include, for example, potassium alum, aluminum sulfate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide, CO2, H3PO4, P2O5, MgO, SO2, anionic polyacrylamides, quaternary ammonium compounds with fatty acid substituents. long chain, bentonite, diatomaceous earth, the Sep series from KemTab, the Suplerfloc series, the Flote series from KemTab, the Mel series from Kemtalo, Midland PCS-3000, Magnafloc LT-26, Zuclar 100, Prastal 2935, Talofloc, Magox, soluble ferrous salts or a combination thereof. Exemplary ferrous salts include, but are not limited to, FeSO4, FeCl2, Fe (NO3) 3, Fe (SO4) 3, FeCl3 and combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, the ferrous salt is FeCl3. The filtrate can be treated with the flocculating / coagulating agent for a time between about 5 minutes to about 1 hour, such as, for example, about 5 minutes to about 30 minutes, about 10 minutes about 20 minutes or about 10 minutes to about 15 minutes. Revival or slow stirring can also be used to facilitate treatment. Optionally, the pH of the resulting mixture can then be adjusted between about 8.5 and about 9.0 with a base, such as, for example, calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide. The duration of time for treatment based, and optionally with agitation, is between about 5 minutes to about 1 hour, such as, for example, from about 10 minutes to about 50 minutes, from about 15 minutes to about 45 minutes, about 20 minutes to about 40 minutes, or about 25 minutes to about 35 minutes. In a particular embodiment, the base is calcium oxide used for between about 15 and about 40 minutes with slow stirring.
[0102] High molecular weight precipitated compounds and insoluble particles are separated from the mixture to provide a second filtrate containing steviol glycosides.
[0103] Separation can be achieved by any suitable means, which includes, but is not limited to, gravity filtration, a plate and frame filter press, cross flow filters, screen filters, Nutsche filters, belt filters, ceramic filters, membrane filters, microfilters, nanofilters, ultrafilters or centrifugation. Optionally, several filtration assistants, such as diatomaceous earth, bentonite, zeolite, etc., can be used in this process.
[0104] The second filtrate containing steviol glycosides can then be subjected to preliminary deionization by any suitable method, which includes, for example, electrodialysis, filtration (nano- or ultra-filtration), reverse osmosis, ion exchange, exchange ionic mixed bed or a combination of such methods. In one embodiment, the second filtrate containing steviol glycosides is deionized by treatment with one or more ion exchange resins to provide a resin treated filtrate. In one embodiment, the second filtrate containing steviol glycosides is passed through a strong acidic cation exchange resin. In another embodiment, the second filtrate containing steviol glycosides is passed through a weak anion exchange base resin. In yet another embodiment, the second filtrate containing steviol glycosides is passed through a strong acidic cation exchange resin, followed by a weak base anion exchange resin. In yet another embodiment, the second filtrate containing steviol glycosides is passed through a weak base anion exchange resin, followed by a strong acid cation exchange resin.
[0105] The cation exchange resin can be any strong cation exchange acid, in which the functional group is, for example, sulfonic acid. Suitable strong acid cation exchange resins are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, Rohm & Haas Amberlite® 10 FPC22H resin, which is a divinyl benzene styrene sulfonated copolymer, Dowex® ion exchange resins, available from the Dow Chemical Company, Serdolit® ion exchange resins, available from Serva Electrophoresis GmbH, the strong acidic cation exchange resin T42 and the strong base anion exchange resin A23, available from Qualichem, Inc., and strong ion exchange resins Lewatit, available from Lanxess . In a particular embodiment, the strong acidic cation exchange resin is Amberlite® 10 FPC22H (H +) resin. As is known to persons skilled in the art, other strong acid cation exchange resins suitable for use with embodiments of this invention are commercially available.
[0106] The anion exchange resin can be any weak base anion exchanger in which the functional group is, for example, a tertiary amine. Suitable weak anion exchange base resins are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, resins such as Amberlite-FPA53 (OH-), Amberlite IRA-67, Amberlite IRA-95, Dowex 67, Dowex 77 and Diaion WA 30 may be used. In a particular embodiment, the strong acidic cation exchange resin is Amberlite-FPA53 (OH-) resin. As is known to persons skilled in the art, other weak anion exchange base resins suitable for use with embodiments of this invention are commercially available.
[0107] In a particular embodiment, the second filtrate containing steviol glycosides is passed through a strong acidic cation exchange resin, for example, Amberlite® 10 FPC22H (H +) resin, followed by a weak base anion exchange resin , for example, Amberlite-FPA53 (OH-), to provide a resin treated filtrate. The specific velocity (SV) through one or more of the ion exchange columns can be between about 0.01 to about 5 hour-1, such as, for example between about 0.05 to about 4 hour-1 , between about 1 and about 3 hours-1 or between about 2 and about 3 hours-1. In a particular embodiment, the specific velocity across one or more ion exchange columns is about 0.8 hour -1. Following the complete passage of the second filtrate containing steviol glycosides through one or more ion exchange columns, one or more of the ion exchange columns are washed with water, preferably reverse osmosis (RO) water. The solution obtained from the water wash and the resin-treated filtrate can be combined before proceeding with the multi-column step. ADSORPTION OF STEVIOL GLYCOSIDE SOLUTION
[0108] In certain embodiments, the steviol glycoside solution is the resin treated filtrate obtained from the purification of Stevia rebaudiana leaf, described above. In another embodiment, the steviol glycoside solution is a commercially available Stevia extract dissolved in a solvent. In yet another embodiment, the steviol glycoside solution is a commercially available extract in which the insoluble material and / or the high molecular weight compounds and / or salts have been removed.
[0109] The Reb X content in the steviol glycoside solution may vary depending on the source of the steviol glycoside solution. For example, in embodiments where the source of steviol glycosides is plant material, the Reb X concentration can be between about 5 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, such as, for example, from about 10,000 ppm to about 50,000 ppm. In a particular embodiment, the concentration of Reb X in the steviol glycoside solution, where the source of steviol glycosides is plant material, is from about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm.
[0110] In embodiments where the source is non-vegetable material, the concentration of Reb X in the steviol glycoside solution may also vary. In exemplary embodiments, the concentration of Reb X in the steviol glycoside solution can be between about 5 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, such as, for example, from about 5,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.
[0111] The Reb X / TSG ratio in the steviol glycoside solution will also vary depending on the source of the steviol glycosides. In one embodiment, the Reb X / TSG ratio in the steviol glycoside solution is about 0.5% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 20%, about 0.5% to about 30%, about 0.5% to about 40%, about 0.5% to about 50% , from about 0.5% to about 60%, from about 0.5% to about 70%, from about 0.5% to about 80%, from about 0.5% to about 90%. In more particular embodiments, the Reb X / TSG ratio in the steviol glycoside solution is about 0.5% to about 5%.
[0112] The steviol glycoside solution can be passed through one or more consecutively connected columns (connected serially or in parallel) packaged with polymeric polar macroporous adsorbents to provide at least one column that has adsorbed steviol glycosides. In some embodiments, the number of columns may be greater than 3, such as, for example, 5 columns, 6 columns, 7 columns, 8 columns, 9 columns, 10 columns, 11 columns, 12 columns, 13 columns, 14 columns or 15 columns. In a particular embodiment, the resin treated filtrate is passed through 7 columns.
[0113] In certain embodiments, the first column in the sequence may be a "capture column", which is used to adsorb certain impurities, such as sterebins, which have higher adsorption rates and faster desorption rates than most steviol glycosides. In some embodiments, the "capture column" size can be about one third the size of the remaining columns. The internal diameter to column height ratio or the so-called "diameter: height ratio" of the columns should be between about 1: 1 to about 1: 100, such as, for example, about 1: 2, about 1 : 6, about 1:10, about 1:13, about 1:16, or about 1:20.
[0114] In a particular embodiment, the column diameter: height ratio is about 1: 3. In yet another embodiment, the diameter: height ratio is about 1: 8. In yet another embodiment, the diameter: height ratio is about 1:15.
[0115] The polar macroporous polymeric adsorbent can be any macroporous polymeric adsorption resin capable of adsorbing steviol glycosides, such as, for example, the Amberlite® XAD series (Rohm and Haas), the Diaion® HP series (Mitsubishi Chemical Corp) , the Sepabeads® SP series (Mitsubishi Chemical Corp), the Cangzhou Yuanwei YWD series (Cangzhou Yuanwei Chemical Co. Ltd., China), or equivalent. The individual columns can be packed with the same resin or with different resins. The columns can be packed with adsorbent up to about 75% to about 100% of its total volume.
[0116] In embodiments in which the multiple speaker system is connected in parallel, the input of each speaker can connect to a separate power supply, while the output of each speaker connects to a separate receiver. The ratio of the volume of the first column to the volume of the second column is preferably in the range of about 1: 1 to 1:10. The volume ratio of the last column to the volume of the previous, or penultimate, column is preferably in the range of about 3: 1 to 1:10. The columns can be maintained at a temperature in the range of about 5 to 80 ° C and, preferably, in the range of about 15 to 25 ° C.
[0117] The solvent that carries the steviol glycoside solution through the column system may comprise alcohol, water, or a combination thereof (an aqueous alcoholic solvent). The water-to-alcohol ratio (vol / vol) in the aqueous alcoholic solvent can range from about 99.9: 0.1 to about 60:40, such as, for example, about 99: 1 to about 90: 10. The specific speed (SV) can be from about 0.3-1 to about 1.5-1, such as, for example, about 1.0 hour-1.
[0118] Alcohol can be selected from, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol and mixtures thereof.
[0119] Impurities and different steviol glycosides are retained in different sections of the column system. Impurities with higher affinities for the adsorbent are retained in the first column, impurities with lesser affinities for the adsorbent are retained in the last column, and different steviol glycosides are retained in different sections of the system in different concentrations, depending on their affinities for the adsorbent. Reb X is usually retained in later columns. The term "Columns" is used interchangeably in this document with "fractions", both referring to columns, or sections of columns with the desirable content (for example, from Reb X). As a result, the initial mixture of steviol glycosides separates into different portions retained in different columns. The portions differ from each other in both total steviol glycoside content and individual glycoside content (particularly Reb X). REMOVAL OF IMPURITIES FROM THE MULTIPLE COLUMN SYSTEM
[0120] Upon complete passage through one or more of the columns, the resins can optionally be washed with a washing solution to remove impurities from one or more of the columns. Suitable washing solutions include an aqueous or alcoholic solution, where the aqueous solution can contain any suitable acid or base to reach the desired pH. The water to alcohol ratio (vol / vol) in the aqueous alcoholic solution is in the range of about 99.9: 0.1 to about 60:40. Multiple column washes with the same, or different, washing solutions can be performed, followed by washing (s) with water until the pH of the effluent from one or more of the columns is about neutral (that is, it has a pH from about 6.0 to about 7.0). In a particular embodiment, the resins of one or more of the columns are washed sequentially with one volume of water, two volumes of NaOH, one volume of water, two volumes of HCl and, finally, with two volumes of water until the pH is reached neutral. Impurity elution is carried out either from each column separately (parallel connection) or from two or more columns connected consecutively (in a serial manner). ELUTION OF STORVIOL Glycosides ADSORBED
[0121] Desorption can be carried out with an aqueous alcohol solution. Suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol and mixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment, the aqueous alcoholic solution may contain between about 30% to about 70% alcohol content, such as, for example, between about 40% to about 60%, about 50% to about 60%, about 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58% or about 59%. In a particular embodiment, the aqueous alcoholic solution contains between about 50% to about 52% ethanol. The SV between about 0.5 hour-1 to about 3.0 hour-1, such as, for example, between about 1.0 hour-1 and about 1.5 hour-1 can be used. Desorption of the first "capture column", which is optional, can be performed separately from columns that are not "capture columns".
[0122] In one embodiment, fractions with a high content of Reb X are eluted with an aqueous alcohol solution to provide an eluted solution with a high content of Reb X. "High content of Reb X", as used herein, refers to to any material that has a higher Reb X / TSG ratio compared to the steviol glycoside solution before passing through the multiple column system. In one embodiment, the Reb X / TSG ratio is more than about 1% higher than the Reb X / TSG ratio of the steviol glycoside solution. In another embodiment, the Reb X / TSG ratio is more than about 2% greater, about 3% greater, about 4% greater, about 5% greater, about 10% greater, about 15% greater, about 20% bigger, about% bigger, about 30% bigger, about 35% bigger, about 40% bigger, about 45% bigger, about 50% bigger, about 55% bigger, about 60 % bigger about 65% bigger about 70% bigger, about 75% bigger, about 80% bigger, about 85% bigger, about 90% bigger or about 95% bigger. Generally speaking, the later columns will contain "high Reb X" fractions.
[0123] In a particular embodiment, the remaining columns (excluding the "capture columns") can also be eluted with an aqueous alcohol solution and their elutes can be combined to provide an eluted solution of low Reb steviol glycosides X. "Low Reb X content", as used herein, refers to any material that has a low Reb X / TSG ratio when compared to the steviol glycoside solution before passing through the multiple column system. "Low Reb X content" also refers to any material that has zero Reb X content. Generally speaking, the initial columns will contain "low Reb X content".
[0124] The Reb X / TSG ratio can be determined experimentally by HPLC or by HPLC / MS. For example, the chromatographic analysis can be performed on an HPLC / MS system comprising an Agilent 1200 series liquid chromatograph (USA) equipped with a binary pump, automatic display, column compartment with thermostat, UV detector (210 nm), and Agilent 6110 four-pole MS detector interfaced with Chemstation data acquisition software. The column can be a "Phenomenex Prodigy 5u ODS3 250x4.6 mm; 5μm (P / no OOG-4097-E0)" column held at 40 ° C. The mobile phase can be 30:70 (vol / vol) of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid) and the flow rate through the column can be 0.5 ml / min. Steviol glycosides can be identified by their retention times in such a method, which are usually about 2.5 minutes for Reb D, about 2.9 minutes for Reb X, 5.5 minutes for Reb A, 5.8 minutes for Stevioside, 7.1 minutes for Reb F, 7.8 minutes for Reb C, 8.5 minutes for Dulcoside A, 11.0 minutes for Rubusoside, 15.4 minutes for Reb B and 16.4 minutes for Steviobioside. A person skilled in the art will realize that the retention times for the various steviol glycosides given above may vary with changes in solvent and / or equipment.
[0125] Persons skilled in the art will also recognize that one or more of the "discoloration", "second adsorption" and "deionization" steps described below can be omitted, for example, where greater general purity of steviol glycoside solutions of material starting points are used. Persons skilled in the art will also understand that, although the process described below assumes a certain order of the steps described, that order can be changed in some cases. DISCOLORATION
[0126] Discoloration can be achieved with any known method, such as, for example, treatment with activated carbon. The amount of activated carbon can be from about 0.1% (weight / vol) to about 0.8% (weight / vol). In a particular embodiment, the amount of activated carbon is about 0.25% (weight / vol) to about 0.30% (weight / vol). The suspension can be continuously agitated. The treatment temperature can be between about 20 ° C and about 30 ° C, such as, for example, about 25 ° C. The treatment can be for any duration sufficient to discolor the eluted solution, such as, for example, between about 20 minutes and about 3 hours, between 20 minutes and about 2 hours, between about 30 minutes and 1.5 hours or between about 1 hour and about 1.5 hours. Following treatment, the separation of the used charcoal can be conducted by any known means of separation, such as, for example, gravity or suction filtration, centrifugation or plate and frame press filter.
[0127] The solution eluted with high content of Reb X can optionally be discolored separately from the solution eluted steviol glycosides with low content of Reb X. Second adsorption
[0128] The discolored solution (also referred to herein as "the first adsorption solution") can be distilled or evaporated under vacuum to remove the alcoholic solvent and then passed through a macroporous adsorbent a second time to provide a second adsorption solution. The second adsorption solution contains aqueous solvent. DEIONIZATION
[0129] Generally, any type of strong acid cation exchanger and weak anion exchangers can be used at this stage. In one embodiment, the eluted solution (for example, the eluted solution with a high Reb X content - optionally discolored, or the eluted solution of steviol glycosides - optionally discolored) can be passed through a strong acidic cation-exchange resin. In another embodiment, the eluted solution is passed through a weak anion exchange base resin. In yet another embodiment, the eluted solution is passed through a strong acidic cation exchange resin and then through a weak base anion exchange resin.
[0130] In yet another embodiment, the eluted solution is passed through a weak base anion exchange resin and then through a strong acidic cation exchange resin. Strong acidic cation exchange columns, weak anion exchange base columns and adequate flow rates are provided above in relation to the production of the resin treated filtrate. In a particular embodiment, the eluted solution can be passed through columns packed with Amberlite FPC22H (H +) cation exchange resin, and then with Amberlite FPA53 (OH-) anion exchange resin.
[0131] In one embodiment, the second adsorption solution can be passed through a strong acidic cation exchange resin. In another embodiment, the second adsorption solution is passed through a weak base anion exchange resin. In yet another embodiment, the second adsorption solution is passed through a strong acidic cation exchange resin and then through a weak base anion exchange resin. In yet another embodiment, the second adsorption solution is passed through a weak base anion exchange resin and then through a strong acidic cation exchange resin. Strong cation exchange acid columns, weak anion exchange base columns and adequate flow rates are provided above in relation to the production of the resin treated filtrate. In a particular embodiment, the second adsorption solution can be passed through columns packed with Amberlite FPC22H (H +) cation exchange resin and then with Amberlite FPA53 (OH-) anion exchange resin.
[0132] Persons skilled in the art will recognize that deionization can alternatively be conducted by means of mixed bed ion exchange, electrodialysis or various membranes, such as, for example, reverse osmosis membranes, nanofiltration membranes or ultrafiltration membranes. CONCENTRATION
[0133] The eluted solution (for example, the eluted solution with a high content of Reb X- optionally discolored and / or deionized, the eluted solution of steviol glycosides - optionally discolored and / or deionized) or the second adsorption solution (optionally deionized) can be distilled or evaporated under vacuum to remove alcoholic solvent.
[0134] Once the alcoholic solvent is removed, the remaining aqueous solvent from the steviol glycoside concentrate, or the second concentrated adsorption solution, can be removed by any suitable means, which includes, but is not limited to, evaporation or vacuum , to provide a mixture of dry purified steviol glycoside with more than 95% by total weight of steviol glycosides on a dry basis.
[0135] The removal of alcoholic solvents from the eluted solution with a high content of Reb X provides a mixture of high content of Reb X. Additional concentration to remove aqueous solvent can then be carried out by any suitable method, such as, for example, nanofiltration or evaporation under conditions of reduced pressure to provide a mixture of high Reb X content which contain from about 30% to about 40% solids content, such as, for example, from about 30% to about 35 % solids content or from about 33% to about 35% solids content. The mixture of high content of Reb X which contains from about 30% to about 40% of solids content, contains aqueous solvent.
[0136] Alternatively, any solvent in the eluted solution with a high Reb X content can be removed by any suitable method, such as, for example, nanofiltration or evaporation under reduced pressure, lyophilization, rapid drying, spray drying or a combination of these to provide a dry powder with a high Reb X content. REB X PURIFICATION
[0137] In one embodiment, purification of Reb X from the high content Reb X mixture containing about 30% to about 40% solids content can be achieved by mixing a high Reb X mixture containing about 30% to about 40% solids content with a first alcoholic solvent to provide a Reb X solution and induce crystallization. Generally, the solvent to solids ratio is about 0.5 liters to about 100 liters per kilogram of solid. In particular embodiments, the ratio of solvent to solids can be from about 3 to about 10 liters of solvent per one kilogram of solid. The alcohol can be any suitable alcohol, such as, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol and mixtures thereof. Alcohol may contain small amounts of water or be anhydrous. In a particular embodiment, the alcohol is anhydrous methanol.
[0138] In another embodiment, purification of a high Reb X mixture containing more than about 40% solids content can be achieved by diluting the mixture with water to provide a high Reb X mixture that contain from about 30% to about 40% solids content, mix the mixture with an alcoholic solvent to provide a Reb X solution and induce crystallization.
[0139] In yet another embodiment, a dry powder with a high content of Reb X can be mixed with an aqueous alcoholic solvent to provide a solution of Reb X (preferably containing about 30% to about 40% solids content) and induce crystallization.
[0140] To induce crystallization, the Reb X solution is maintained at a temperature between about 20 ° C and about 25 ° C, such as, for example, between about 20 ° C and about 22 ° C and, if necessary, sown with Reb X crystals. The duration of the mixture can be between about 1 hour and about 48 hours, such as, for example, about 24 hours.
[0141] Reb X crystals that have a purity greater than about 60% by weight on a dry basis (referred to herein as "first Reb X crystals") in a mixture of steviol glycosides can be obtained after separation crystals of the solution. In a particular embodiment, Reb X with purity greater than about 60%, about 65%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95% is obtained by this process.
[0142] People skilled in the art will recognize that the purity of the first Reb X crystals will depend on the Reb X content in the initial steviol glycoside solution, among other variables. Consequently, if necessary, additional washing steps can be performed to provide Reb X crystals with greater purity. To produce Reb X with greater purity, the first crystals of Reb X can be combined with an aqueous solution of alcohol (referred to herein as "second aqueous solution of alcohol") to provide second crystals of Reb X and a third aqueous solution of alcohol. The separation of the second crystals of Reb X from the third aqueous alcohol solution provides the second crystals of Reb X, which have a purity greater than about 90% by weight on a dry basis. In certain embodiments, Reb X can be obtained with purities greater than about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%. This process can be repeated, as needed, until the desired level of purity is achieved. The cycle can be repeated twice, three times, four times or five times. In some embodiments, water can be used instead of an aqueous alcohol solution.
[0143] The solution or suspension can be maintained at temperatures between about 40 ° C to about 75 ° C, such as, for example, from about 50 ° C to about 60 ° C or about 55 ° C at about 60 ° C. The duration that the mixture can be kept at a temperature between about 40 ° C to about 75 ° C can vary, but can last between about 5 minutes and about 1 hour, such as, for example, between about 15 and about 30 minutes. The mixture can then be cooled to a temperature between about 20 ° C to about 22 ° C, for example. The duration that the mixture can be kept at the cooled temperature can vary, but can last between about 1 hour and about 5 hours, such as, for example, between about 1 hour and about 2 hours. Stirring can optionally be used during the wash cycle.
[0144] The separation of Reb X crystals from the solution or suspension can be achieved by any known separation method, which includes, but is not limited to, centrifugation, gravity or vacuum filtration, or drying. Different types of dryers, such as fluidized bed dryers, rotary tunnel dryers, or plate dryers, can be used.
[0145] In some embodiments, when Reb X crystals are combined with water or aqueous alcohol solution, Reb X can dissolve and accumulate in a liquid phase. In that case, the higher purity Reb X crystals can be obtained by drying or by evaporating liquid phase crystallization. SWEETENER COMPOSITIONS
[0146] Sweetener compositions, as used herein, mean compositions that contain at least one sweet component in combination with at least one other substance, such as, for example, another sweetener or an additive.
[0147] Sweetener compositions, as used in this document, mean substances that are brought into contact with the mouth of a human or animal, which includes substances that are ingested and subsequently ejected from the mouth, and substances that are ingested as drinks , eaten, swallowed or otherwise ingested, and are safe for human or animal consumption when used in a generally acceptable range.
[0148] Sweetened compositions, as used in this document, mean substances that contain both a sweetener composition and a sweetener or sweetener composition.
[0149] For example, a drink without a sweetener component is a type of sweetener composition. The sweetener composition comprising Reb X and erythritol can be added to the unsweetened drink, thereby providing a sweetened drink. The sweetened drink is a type of sweetened composition.
[0150] The sweetener compositions of the present invention include Reb X (13- [2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O- β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy] entester kaur-16 -em-19-oico acid- [2-O- (3-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-D- glycopyranosyl) which has the formula:

[0151] Reb X can be supplied in a purified form or as a component of a mixture containing Reb X and one or more additional components (i.e., a sweetener composition comprising Reb X). In one embodiment, Reb X is supplied as a component of a mixture. In a particular embodiment, the mixture is a Stevia extract. Stevia extract can contain Reb X in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 99% by weight on a dry basis, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 99%, from about 20% to about 99%, from about 30% to about 99%, from about 40% to about 99%, from about 50% to about 99%, from about 60% to about 99 %, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 99% and from about 90% to about 99%. In still further embodiments, Stevia extract contains Reb X in an amount greater than about 90% by weight on a dry basis, for example, more than about 91%, more than about 92%, more than that about 93%, more than about 94%, more than about 95%, more than about 96%, more than about 97%, more than about 98% and more than about 99%.
[0152] In one embodiment, Reb X is supplied as a component of a mixture of steviol glycosides in a sweetener composition, that is, a mixture of steviol glycosides in which the remainder of the non-Reb X portion of the mixture is composed entirely of steviol glycosides. The identities of steviol glycosides are known in the art and include, but are not limited to, steviol monoside, rubososide, steviolbioside, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F and dulcoside A. The steviol glycoside mixture can contain from about 5% to about 99% Reb X by weight on a dry basis. For example, the steviol glycoside mixture can contain from about 10% to about 99%, from about 20% to about 99%, from about 30% to about 99%, from about 40% to about 99%, about 50% to about 99%, about 60% to about 99%, about 70% to about 99%, about 80% to about 99% and about 90% to about 99% Reb X by weight on a dry basis. In still further embodiments, the steviol glycoside mixture can contain more than about 90% Reb X by weight on a dry basis, for example, more than about 91%, more than about 92%, more than about 93%, more than about 94%, more than about 95%, more than about 96%, more than about 97%, more than about 98% and more than about 99%.
[0153] In one embodiment, Reb X is the only sweetener in the sweetener composition, that is, Reb X is the only compound present in the sweetener composition that provides sweetness. In another embodiment, Reb X is one of two or more sweetener compounds present in the sweetener composition.
[0154] The amount of sucrose in a reference solution can be described in degrees Brix (° Bx). A Brix grade is 1 gram of sucrose in 100 grams of solution and represents the strength of the solution as a percentage by weight (% w / w) (in strict terms, by mass). In one embodiment, a sweetener composition contains Reb X in an amount effective to provide equivalent sweetness of about 0.50 to 14 degrees Brix of sugar when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, from about 5 to about 11 degrees Brix, about 4 to about 7 degrees Brix, or about 5 degrees Brix. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in an amount effective to provide sweetness equivalent to about 10 degrees Brix when present in a sweetened composition.
[0155] The sweetness of a sweetener that is not sucrose can also be measured against a sucrose reference by determining the sucrose equivalence of the sweetener that is not sucrose. Typically, flavor panelists are trained to detect the sweetness of reference sucrose solutions that contain between 1 and 15% sucrose (w / v). Other non-sucrose sweeteners are then tested in a series of dilutions to determine the concentration of the non-sucrose sweetener that is as sweet as a reference sucrose percentage. For example, if a 1% solution of a sweetener is as sweet as a 10% sucrose solution, then the sweetener is said to be 10 times more potent than sucrose.
[0156] In one embodiment, Reb X is present in an amount effective to provide sucrose equivalence of more than about 10% (w / v) when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, more than about 11%, more than about 12%, more than about 13% or more than about 14%.
[0157] The amount of Reb X in the sweetener composition may vary. In one embodiment, Reb X is present in a sweetener composition in any amount to impart the desired sweetness when the sweetener composition is present in a sweetened composition. For example, Reb X is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a Reb X concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, about 1 ppm at about 4,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, from about 1 ppm to about 1,000 ppm. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a Reb X concentration of about 10 ppm to about 1,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, about 10 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 800 ppm, from about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm or from about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm. In a particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a Reb X concentration of about 300 ppm to about 600 ppm.
[0158] In some embodiments, sweetener compositions contain one or more additional sweeteners. The additional sweetener can be any type of sweetener, for example, a natural, unnatural, or synthetic sweetener. In at least one embodiment, at least one of the additional sweetener is chosen from natural sweeteners other than Stevia sweeteners. In another embodiment, at least one additional sweetener is chosen from high potency synthetic sweeteners.
[0159] For example, at least one of the additional sweetener can be a carbohydrate sweetener. Non-limiting examples of suitable carbohydrate sweeteners include sucrose, fructose, glucose, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, tagatose, trehalose, galactose, rhamnose, cyclodextrin (e.g. α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and Y -cyclodextrin), ribulose, threose, arabinose, xylose, lixose, alose, altrose, mannose, idose, lactose, maltose, inverted sugar, isotrealose, neotrealose, palatinose or isomaltulose, erythrose, deoxyribose, gulose, idose, thalose, erythrulose, xylulose, xylulose, xylulose, xylulose, xylulose , psychosis, turanosis, cellobiosis, glucosamine, mannosamine, fucose, fuculose, glucuronic acid, gluconic acid, glucone lactone, abecose, galactosamine, xylooligosaccharides (xylotriosis, xylobiosis and the like), gentile oligosaccharides (gentiobiose, gentiotrose, gentiotrose and gentiotrose) galacto-oligosaccharides, sorbose, ketotriose (dehydroxyacetone), aldotriose (glyceraldehyde), nigero-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides (questose, nystosis and similar), maltotetraose, ma ltotriol, tetrasaccharides, mannan oligosaccharides, malto-oligosaccharides (maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltoexaose, maltoeptaose and the like), dextrins, lactulose, melibiosis, raffinose, rhamnose, ribose, isomerized liquid sugars, such as high fructose sugars (such as x maize) HFCS / HFSS) (for example, HFCS55, HFCS42, or HFCS90), coupling sugars, soy oligosaccharides, glucose syrup and combinations thereof. D- or L- configurations can be used when applicable.
[0160] In other embodiments, the additional sweetener is a carbohydrate sweetener selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, sucrose and combinations thereof.
[0161] In another embodiment, the additional sweetener is a carbohydrate sweetener selected from D-alose, D-psychosis, L-ribose, D-tagatose, L-glucose, L-fucose, L-Arbinose, Turanosis and combinations of those.
[0162] Reb X and carbohydrate sweetener can be present in any weight ratio, such as, for example, from about 0.001: 14 to about 1: 0.01, such as, for example, about 0, 06: 6. Carbohydrates are present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 140,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a beverage.
[0163] In yet other embodiments, at least one of the additional sweetener is a synthetic sweetener. As used in this document, the phrase "synthetic sweetener" refers to any composition that is not found naturally in nature and, typically, has a greater sweetness potency than sucrose, fructose or glucose, and yet has less amounts of calories. Non-limiting examples of high potency synthetic sweeteners suitable for embodiments of this disclosure include sucralose, acesulfame potassium, acesulfame acid and salts thereof, aspartame, alitame, saccharin and salts thereof, neoesperidin dihydrocalcone, cyclamate, cyclamic acid and salts thereof, neotame, advantame , glycosylated steviol glycosides (GSGs) and combinations thereof. The synthetic sweetener is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 0.3 ppm to about 3,500 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, the beverage.
[0164] In yet other embodiments, the additional sweetener can be a high-potency natural sweetener. High potency natural sweeteners include, but are not limited to, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, rebaudioside I, rebaudioside L, rebaudioside K, rebaudioside J, rebaudioside N, rebaudioside J, rebaudioside O, dulcoside A, dulcoside B, rubusoside, stevia, stevioside, Mogroside IV, Mogroside V, Luo Han Guo, Siamenoside, Monatin and its salts (monatin SS, RR, RS, SR), Curculine, Glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, Thaumatin , monelina, mabinlina, brazeína, hernandulcina, filodulcina, glicifilina, floridzina, trilobatina, baiiunoside, osladina, polypodoside A, pterocarioside A, pterocarioside B, mucurozioside, flomiside I, periandrine I, abrioside A and stevioside A High potency can be supplied as a pure compound or, alternatively, as part of an extract. For example, rebaudioside A can be supplied as a single compound or as part of a Stevia extract. The high potency natural sweetener is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 0.1 ppm to about 3,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a beverage.
[0165] In yet other embodiments, the additional sweetener may be a chemically or enzymatically modified natural high potency sweetener. Modified high potency natural sweeteners include glycosylated high potency natural sweeteners, such as glycosyl-, galactosyl-, fructosyl- derivatives that contain from 1 to 50 glycosidic residues. Glycosylated natural sweeteners can be prepared by enzymatic transglycosylation reactions catalyzed by various enzymes that have transglycosylating activity.
[0166] In another particular embodiment, sweetener compositions comprise Reb X and at least one other sweetener that functions as the sweetener component (i.e., the substance or substances that provide sweetness) of a sweetener composition. Sweetener compositions commonly exhibit synergy when combined and have improved flavor and time profiles when compared to each sweetener alone. One or more additional sweeteners can be used in the sweetener compositions. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition contains Reb X and an additional sweetener. In other embodiments, a sweetener composition contains Reb X and more than one additional sweetener. At least one of the other sweeteners can be selected from the group consisting of erythritol, Reb B, NSF-02, Mogroside V, Reb A, Reb D and combinations of these.
[0167] In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X and erythritol as the sweetener component. The percentage of relative weight of Reb X and erythritol may vary. Generally, erythritol can comprise from about 0.1% to about 3.5% by weight of the sweetener component.
[0168] In another embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X and Reb B as the sweetener component. The relative weight percent of Reb X and Reb B can each vary from about 1% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% Reb B, about 90% Reb X / 10% Reb B, about 85% Reb X / 15% Reb B, about 80% Reb X / 20% Reb B, about 75% Reb X / 25% Reb B, about 70% Reb X / 30% Reb B, about 65% Reb X / 35% Reb B, about 60% Reb X / 40% Reb B, about 55% Reb X / 45% Reb B, about 50% Reb X / 50% Reb B, about 45% Reb X / 55% Reb B, about 40% Reb X / 60% Reb B, about 35% Reb X / 65% Reb B, about 30% Reb X / 70% Reb B, about 25% Reb X / 75% Reb B, about 20% Reb X / 80% of Reb B, about 15% Reb X / 85% Reb B, about 10% Reb X / 90% Reb B or about 5% Reb X / 10% Reb B. In a particular embodiment , Reb B comprises about 5% to about 40% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 30% or about 15% to about 25%.
[0169] In yet another embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X and NSF-02 (a sweetener of the GSG type, available from PureCircle) as the sweetener component.
[0170] The relative weight percent of Reb X and NSF-02 can each vary from about 1% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% NSF-02 , about 90% Reb X / 10% NSF-02, about 85% Reb X / 15% NSF-02, about 80% Reb X / 20% NSF-02, about 75% of Reb X / 25% NSF-02, about 70% of Reb X / 30% of NSF-02, about 65% of Reb X / 35% of NSF-02, about 60% of Reb X / 40 % NSF-02, about 55% Reb X / 45% NSF-02, about 50% Reb X / 50% NSF-02, about 45% Reb X / 55% NSF-02 , about 40% Reb X / 60% NSF-02, about 35% Reb X / 65% NSF-02, about 30% Reb X / 70% NSF-02, about 25% Reb X / 75% NSF-02, about 20% Reb X / 80% NSF-02, about 15% Reb X / 85% NSF-02, about 10% Reb X / 90 % NSF-02 or about 5% Reb X / 10% NSF-02. In a particular embodiment, NSF-02 comprises about 5% to about 50% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, about 10% to about 40% or about 30% to about 30%.
[0171] In yet another embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X and mogroside V as the sweetener component. The relative weight percent of Reb X and mogroside V can each vary from about 1% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% mogroside V, about 90 % Reb X / 10% Mogroside V, About 85% Reb X / 15% Mogroside V, About 80% Reb X / 20% Mogroside V, About 75% Reb X / 25% Mogroside V, about 70% Reb X / 30% Mogroside V, about 65% Reb X / 35% Mogroside V, about 60% Reb X / 40% Mogroside V, about 55% Reb X / 45% mogroside V, about 50% Reb X / 50% mogroside V, about 45% Reb X / 55% mogroside V, about 40% Reb X / 60% mogroside V, about 35% Reb X / 65% Mogroside V, about 30% Reb X / 70% Mogroside V, about 25% Reb X / 75% Mogroside V, about 20% Reb X / 80% mogroside V, about 15% Reb X / 85% mogroside V, about 10% Reb X / 90% mogroside V or about 5% Reb X / 10% mogroside V. In one particular embodiment, the mogroside V compr from about 5% to about 50% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, about 10% to about 40% or about 30% to about 30%.
[0172] In another embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X and Reb A as the sweetener component. The relative weight percentages of Reb X and Reb A can each vary from about 1% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% Reb A, about 90% Reb X / 10% Reb A, about 85% Reb X / 15% Reb A, about 80% Reb X / 20% Reb A, about 75% Reb X / 25% of Reb A, about 70% of Reb X / 30% of Reb A, about 65% of Reb X / 35% of Reb A, about 60% of Reb X / 40% of Reb A, about 55% Reb X / 45% Reb A, about 50% Reb X / 50% Reb A, about 45% Reb X / 55% Reb A, about 40% Reb X / 60% Reb A, about 35% Reb X / 65% Reb A, about 30% Reb X / 70% Reb A, about 25% Reb X / 75% Reb A, about 20% Reb X / 80% Reb A, about 15% Reb X / 85% Reb A, about 10% Reb X / 90% Reb A or about 5% Reb X / 10% Reb A. In a particular embodiment, Reb A comprises from about 5% to about 40% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 30% or about 15% to about 25 %.
[0173] In another embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X and Reb D as the sweetener component. The relative weight percent of Reb X and Reb D can each vary from about 1% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% Reb D, about 90% Reb X / 10% Reb D, about 85% Reb X / 15% Reb D, about 80% Reb X / 20% Reb D, about 75% Reb X / 25% of Reb D, about 70% of Reb X / 30% of Reb D, about 65% of Reb X / 35% of Reb D, about 60% of Reb X / 40% of Reb D, about 55% Reb X / 45% Reb D, about 50% Reb X / 50% Reb D, about 45% Reb X / 55% Reb D, about 40% Reb X / 60% Reb D, about 35% Reb X / 65% Reb D, about 30% Reb X / 70% Reb D, about 25% Reb X / 75% Reb D, about 20% Reb X / 80% Reb D, about 15% Reb X / 85% Reb D, about 10% Reb X / 90% Reb D or about 5% Reb X / 10% Reb D. In a particular embodiment, Reb D comprises about 5% to about 40% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, about 10% to about 30% or about 15% to about 25%.
[0174] In another embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X, Reb A and Reb D as the sweetener component. The relative weight percentages of Reb X, Reb D and Reb A can each vary from about 1% to about 99%.
[0175] In yet another embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X, Reb B and Reb D as the sweetener component. The relative weight percentages of Reb X, Reb B and Reb D can each vary from about 1% to about 99%.
[0176] The sweetener compositions can be customized to provide the desired calorie content. For example, sweetener compositions can be "full calorie", so that they give the desired sweetness when added to a sweetener composition (such as, for example, a drink) and have about 120 calories per 226 gram serving ( 8 ounces). Alternatively, sweetener compositions can be "medium calorie", so that they give the desired sweetness when added to a sweetener composition (such as, for example, a drink) and have less than about 60 calories per serving. 226 grams (8 ounces). In other embodiments, sweetener compositions can be "low calorie", so that they give the desired sweetness when added to a sweetener composition (such as, for example, as a drink) and have less than 40 calories per serving of 226 grams (8 ounces). In still other embodiments, the sweetener compositions can be "zero calorie" so that they give the desired sweetness when added to a sweetener composition (such as, for example, a drink) and have less than 5 calories per serving 226 grams (8 ounces). ADDITIONS
[0177] In addition to Reb X and, optionally, other sweeteners, the sweetener compositions may optionally include additional additives, detailed in this document, below. In some embodiments, the sweetener composition contains additives that include, but are not limited to, carbohydrates, polyols, amino acids and corresponding salts thereof, polyamino acids and corresponding salts thereof, sugar acids and corresponding salts thereof, nucleotides, organic acids, inorganic acids , organic salts, which include salts of organic acids and salts of organic bases, inorganic salts, bitter compounds, flavorings and flavoring ingredients, astringent compounds, proteins or protein hydrolysates, surfactants, emulsifiers, thickening agents, gums, antioxidants, colorants, flavonoids, alcohols, polymers and combinations of these. In some embodiments, the additives act to improve the sweetener's temporal and flavor profile, in order to provide a sweetener composition with a sucrose-like flavor.
[0178] In one embodiment, the sweetener compositions can contain one or more polyols. The term "polyol", as used herein, refers to a molecule that contains more than one hydroxyl group. A polyol can be a diol, triol, or a tetraol that contain 2, 3 and 4 hydroxyl groups, respectively. The polyol can also contain more than 4 hydroxyl groups, such as a pentaol, hexaol, heptaol, or the like, which contain 5, 6 or 7 hydroxyl groups, respectively. In addition, a polyol can also be a sugar alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, or a polyalcohol, which is a reduced form of carbohydrate, in which the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, which reduces sugar) has been reduced to a group primary or secondary hydroxyl.
[0179] Non-limiting examples of polyols in some embodiments include erythritol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol, xylitol, isomalt, propylene glycol, glycerol (glycerin), treitol, galactitol, palatinose, reduced isomalto-oligosaccharides, reduced xyl-oligosaccharides, reduced xyl-oligosaccharides reduced gentio-oligosaccharides, reduced maltose syrup, reduced glucose syrup, and sugar alcohols or any other reducing carbohydrates that do not adversely affect the taste of the sweetener composition.
[0180] In certain embodiments, the polyol is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a beverage. In other embodiments, the polyol is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 400 ppm to about 80,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, from about 5,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm.
[0181] In other embodiments, Reb X and polyol are present in the sweetener composition in a weight ratio of about 1: 1 to about 1: 800, such as, for example, about 1: 4 to about 1: 800, about 1:20 to about 1: 600, about 1:50 to about 1: 300 or about 1:75 to about 1: 150.
[0182] Suitable amino acid additives include, but are not limited to, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, threonine, theanine, cysteine, cystine, alanine, valine, tyrosine, leucine, arabinose, trans-4-hydroxyprolia, isoleucine , asparagine, serine, lysine, histidine, ornithine, methionine, carnitine, aminobutyric acid (α-, β-, and / or δ- isomers), glutamine, hydroxyproline, taurine, norvaline, sarcosine, and their salt forms, such as sodium or potassium salts or acid salts. Amino acid additives can also be in the D- or L- configuration and in the same mono-, di-, or tripe form or of different amino acids. Additionally, the amino acids can be α-, β-, y- and / or δ- isomers, if appropriate. Combinations of the foregoing amino acids and corresponding salts thereof (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium salts or other alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof, or acid salts) are also suitable additives in some embodiments. Amino acids can be natural or synthetic. Amino acids can also be modified. Modified amino acids refer to any amino acid to which at least one atom has been added, removed, substituted, or combinations of these (for example, N-alkyl amino acid, N-acyl amino acid, or N-methyl amino acid). Non-limiting examples of modified amino acids include amino acid derivatives, such as trimethyl glycine, N-methyl-glycine, and N-methyl-alanine. As used herein, modified amino acids encompass both modified and unmodified amino acids. As used herein, amino acids also encompass both peptides and polypeptides (for example, dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, and pentapeptides), such as glutathione and L-alanyl-L-glutamine. Suitable polyamino acid additives include poly-L-aspartic acid, poly-L-lysine (for example, poly-L-α-lysine or poly-L-ε-lysine), poly-L-ornithine (for example, poly-L -α-ornithine or poly-L-ε-ornithine), poly-L-arginine, other polymeric forms of amino acids, and salt forms thereof (for example, calcium, potassium, sodium, or magnesium salts, such as sodium salt of mono L-glutamic acid). Polyamino acid additives can also be in the D- or L- configuration. Additionally, polyamino acids can be a-, β-, y-, δ-, and ε-isomers if appropriate. Combinations of the foregoing polyamino acids and corresponding salts thereof (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium salts or other alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof, or acid salts) are also suitable additives in some embodiments. The polyamino acids described in this document can also comprise copolymers of different amino acids. Polyamino acids can be natural or synthetic. Polyamino acids can also be modified, so that at least one atom has been added, removed, replaced or combinations of these (for example, N-alkyl polyamino acid or N-acyl polyamino acid). As used herein, polyamino acids encompass both modified and unmodified polyamino acids. For example, modified polyamino acids include, but are not limited to, polyamino acids of various molecular weights (MW), such as poly-L-α-lysine with a MW of 1,500, MW of 6,000, MW of 25,200, MW of 63,000, MW of 83,000, or 300,000 MW.
[0183] In particular embodiments, the amino acid is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink. In another embodiment, the amino acid is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 1,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, from about 2,500 ppm to about 5,000 ppm or from about 250 ppm to about 7,500 ppm.
[0184] Suitable sugar acid additives include, but are not limited to, aldonic, uronic, aldaric, alginic, gluconic, glucuronic, glucaric, galactary, galacturonic acid, and salts thereof (for example, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or other physiologically acceptable salts), and combinations thereof.
[0185] Suitable nucleotide additives include, but are not limited to, inosine monophosphate ("IMP"), guanosine monophosphate ("GMP"), adenosine monophosphate ("AMP"), cytosine monophosphate (CMP), uracil monophosphate (UMP), inosine diphosphate, guanosine diphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, cytosine diphosphate, uracil diphosphate, inosine triphosphate, guanosine triphosphate, adenosine triphosphate, cytosine triphosphate, urine alkaline phosphate, alkaline phosphate earthy, and combinations of these. The nucleotides described herein can also comprise nucleotide-related additives, such as nucleosides or nucleic acid bases (for example, guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, uracil).
[0186] The nucleotide is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 5 ppm to about 1,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink.
[0187] Suitable organic acid additives include any compound comprising a -COOH moiety, such as, for example, C2 to C30 carboxylic acids, C2 to C30 substituted hydroxyl carboxylic acids, butyric acid (ethyl ester), substituted butyric acid ( ethyl esters), benzoic acid, substituted benzoic acids (e.g. 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid), substituted cinnamic acids, hydroxy acids, substituted hydroxybenzoic acids, anisic acid, substituted cyclohexyl carboxylic acids, tannic acid, aconitic acid, lactic acid tartaric acid, citric acid, isocric acid, gluconic acid, glucoeptonic acids, adipic acid, hydroxycitric acid, malic acid, fruitic acid (a mixture of malic, fumaric, and tartaric acids), fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, creatine, caffeic acid, bile acids, acetic acid, ascorbic acid, alginic acid, erythorbic acid, polyglutamic acid, gluc non-delta lactone, and the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts derived therefrom. In addition, organic acid additives can also be in either the D- or L- configuration.
[0188] Suitable organic acid additive salts include, but are not limited to, sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium salts of all organic acids, such as citric acid salts, malic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid ( eg sodium lactate), alginic acid (eg sodium alginate), ascorbic acid (eg sodium ascorbate), benzoic acid (eg sodium benzoate or potassium benzoate), sorbic acid and adipic acid . Examples of the described organic acid additives can optionally be substituted by at least one group chosen from hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, halo, haloalkyl, carboxyl, acyl, acyloxy, amino, starch, carboxyl derivatives, alkylamino, dialkylamino , arylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, cyano, sulfo, thiol, imino, sulfonyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfamyl, carboxalkoxy, carboxamido, phosphonyl, phosphoryl, phosphoryl, phosphine, thioester, thioether, anhydride, oximino, hydroxy, hydrazine, hydroxy or phosphonate. In particular embodiments, the organic acid additive is present in the sweetener composition in an amount from about 10 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0189] Suitable inorganic acid additives include, but are not limited to, phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and alkali or alkaline earth metal salts thereof (for example , Mg / Ca inositol hexaphosphate).
[0190] The inorganic acid additive is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink.
[0191] Suitable bitter compound additives include, but are not limited to, caffeine, quinine, urea, bitter orange oil, naringin, quassia, and salts thereof.
[0192] The bitter compound is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink.
[0193] Flavoring or flavoring additives include, but are not limited to, vanillin, vanilla extract, mango extract, cinnamon, lemon, coconut, ginger, viridiflorol, almond, menthol (including menthol without mint), extract grape skins and grape seed extract. "Flavoring" and "flavoring ingredient" are synonymous and may include natural or synthetic substances or combinations of these. Flavorings also include any other flavoring substances and may include natural or unnatural (synthetic) substances that are safe for humans or animals when used in a generally accepted range. Non-limiting examples of proprietary flavorings include DohlerTM Natural Flavoring Sweetness Enhancer K14323 (DohlerTM, Darmstadt, Germany), SymriseTM Natural Flavor Mask for Sweeteners 161453 and 164126 (SymriseTM, Holzminden, Germany), Natural AdvantageTM Bitterness Blockers 1, 2, 9 and 10 ( Natural AdvantageTM, Freehold, New Jersey, USA), and SucramaskTM (Creative Research Management, Stockton, California, USA).
[0194] The flavoring is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 0.1 ppm to about 4,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink.
[0195] Suitable polymeric additives include, but are not limited to, chitosan, pectin, pectic, pectinic, polyuronic acid, polygalacturonic acid, starch, food hydrocolloid or crude extracts thereof (for example, Senegal acacia gum (FibergumTM), gum seyal acacia, carrageenan), poly-L-lysine (for example, poly-L-α-lysine or poly-L-ε-lysine), poly-L-ornithine (for example, poly-L-α-ornithine or poly -L-ε-ornithine), polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, poly (methyl ethyl ether glycol), polyarginine, polyaspartic acid, polyglutamic acid, polyethylene imine, alginic acid, sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate, and sodium polyethylene glycol alginate, sodium hexametaphosphate and its salts, and other cationic polymers and anionic polymers.
[0196] The polymer is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 30 ppm to about 2,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a beverage.
[0197] Suitable protein additives or protein hydrolyzate include, but are not limited to, bovine serum albumin (BSA), whey protein (including fractions or concentrates thereof, such as 90% whey protein instant isolate) milk, 34% whey protein, 50% whey hydrolyzed protein, and 80% whey protein concentrate), soluble rice protein, soy protein, protein isolates, protein hydrolysates , reaction products of protein hydrolysates, glycoproteins, and / or proteoglycans containing amino acids (eg, glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, norvaline, methionine, proline, tyrosine, hydroxyproline , and the like), collagen (eg gelatin), partially hydrolyzed collagen (eg hydrolyzed fish collagen) and collagen hydrolyzates (eg pig collagen hydrolyzate).
[0198] Protein hydrolysate is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 200 ppm to about 50,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink.
[0199] Suitable surfactant additives include, but are not limited to, polysorbates (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80), polysorbate 20, polysorbate 60), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfosucinate or sodium dioctyl sulfosucinate, dodecylate , cetylpyridinium chloride (hexadecylpyridinium chloride), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium cholate, carbamoyl, choline chloride, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, lauric arginate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, sodium oleaginate, lecyl ester sucrose, sucrose stearate esters, sucrose palmitate esters, sucrose laurate esters and other emulsifiers, and the like.
[0200] The surfactant additive is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 30 ppm to about 2,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink.
[0201] Suitable flavonoid additives are classified as flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ools, isoflavones, or anthocyanidins. Non-limiting examples of flavonoid additives include, but are not limited to, catechins (for example, green tea extracts, such as PolyphenonTM 60, PolyphenonTM 30 and PolyphenonTM 25 (Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd., Japan), polyphenols, rutins (for example , enzyme-modified SanmelinTM AO rutin (San-fi Gen FFI, Inc., Osaka, Japan)), neoesperidin, naringin, neoesperidin dihydrocalcone and the like.
[0202] The flavonoid additive is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 0.1 ppm to about 1,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink.
[0203] Suitable alcohol additives include, but are not limited to, ethanol. In particular embodiments, the alcohol additive is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 625 ppm to about 10,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a beverage.
[0204] Suitable astringent compound additives include, but are not limited to, tannic acid, europium chloride (EuCl3), gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), terbium chloride (TbCl3), aluminum sulfate, tannic acid, and polyphenols (for example , tea polyphenols). The astringent additive is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 5,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, a beverage.
[0205] In particular embodiments, the sweetener composition comprises Reb X; a polyol selected from erythritol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol, sorbitol, and combinations thereof; and optionally at least one additional sweetener and / or functional ingredient. Reb X can be supplied as a pure compound or as part of a Stevia extract or steviol glycoside mixture, as described above. Reb X can be present in an amount of about 5% to about 99% by weight on a dry basis in either a mixture of steviol glycoside or a Stevia extract. In one embodiment, Reb X and polyol are present in a sweetener composition in a weight ratio of about 1: 1 to about 1: 800, such as, for example, from about 1: 4 to about 1: 800, from about 1:20 to about 1: 600, from about 1:50 to about 1: 300 or about 1:75 to about 1: 150. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, about 300 ppm. The polyol, such as, for example, erythritol, can be present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, about 5,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 35,000 ppm.
[0206] In particular embodiments, the sweetener composition comprises Reb X; a carbohydrate sweetener selected from sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose and combinations thereof and optionally at least one additional sweetener and / or functional ingredient. Reb X can be supplied as a pure compound or as part of a Stevia extract or steviol glycoside mixture, as described above. Reb X can be present in an amount of about 5% to about 99% by weight on a dry basis in or in a mixture of steviol glycoside or a Stevia extract. In one embodiment, Reb X and carbohydrate are present in a sweetener composition in a weight ratio of about 0.001: 14 to about 1: 0.01, such as, for example, about 0.06: 6 . In one embodiment, Reb X is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, about 500 ppm. Carbohydrate, such as, for example, sucrose, can be present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 140,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, about 1,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, from about 5,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm.
[0207] In particular embodiments, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X; an amino acid selected from glycine, alanine, proline and combinations thereof; and optionally at least one additional sweetener and / or functional ingredient. Reb X can be supplied as a pure compound or as part of a Stevia extract or steviol glycoside mixture, as described above. Reb X can be present in an amount of about 5% to about 99% by weight on a dry basis in either a mixture of steviol glycoside or a Stevia extract. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, about 500 ppm. The amino acid, such as, for example, glycine, can be present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, about 1,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, from about 2,500 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0208] In particular embodiments, a sweetener composition comprises Reb X; a salt selected from sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and combinations thereof; and optionally at least one additional sweetener and / or functional ingredient. Reb X can be supplied as a pure compound or as part of a Stevia extract or steviol glycoside mixture, as described above. Reb X can be present in an amount of about 5% to about 99% by weight on a dry basis in either a mixture of steviol glycoside or a Stevia extract. In one embodiment, Reb X is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as, for example, about 100 to about 1,000 ppm. The inorganic salt, such as, for example, magnesium chloride, is present in the sweetener composition in an amount effective to provide a concentration of about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example , from about 100 ppm to about 4,000 ppm or from about 100 ppm to about 3,000 ppm. FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENTS
[0209] The sweetener composition may also contain one or more functional ingredients, which provide a real or perceived health benefit to the composition. Functional ingredients include, but are not limited to, saponins, antioxidants, dietary fiber sources, fatty acids, vitamins, glucosamine, minerals, preservatives, moisturizing agents, probiotics, prebiotics, weight management agents, osteoporosis management agents, phytoestrogens, alcohols saturated long chain primary aliphatics, phytosterols and combinations thereof. Saponin
[0210] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least a saponin. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one saponin, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one saponin, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one saponin, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0211] As used herein, at least one of the saponin may comprise a single saponin or a plurality of saponins as a functional ingredient for the sweetener composition or sweetened compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the saponin is present in the sweetener composition or in the composition sweetened in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0212] Saponins are natural glycosidic plant products that comprise an aglycone ring structure and one or more portions of sugar. The combination of non-polar aglycone with the water-soluble sugar portion provides the surfactant properties of saponins, which allow them to foam when stirred in an aqueous solution.
[0213] Saponins are grouped based on several common properties. In particular, saponins are surfactants that demonstrate hemolytic activity and form complexes with cholesterol. Although saponins share these properties, they are structurally diverse. The types of ring structure that form the ring structure in saponins can vary widely. Non-limiting examples of the types of aglycone in saponin ring structures for use in the particular embodiments of the invention include steroids, triterpenoids and steroidal alkaloids. Non-limiting examples of specific aglycone ring structures for use in the particular embodiments of the invention include soiasapogenol A, soiasapogenol B and soiasopogenol E. The amount and type of sugar moieties attached to the aglycone ring structure can also vary widely. Non-limiting examples of sugar moieties for use in the particular embodiments of the invention include moieties of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, xylose, rhamnose and methylpentose. Non-limiting examples of specific saponins for use in the particular embodiments of the invention include group A acetyl saponin, group B acetyl saponin and group E acetyl saponin.
[0214] Saponins can be found in a wide variety of plants and plant products, and are especially prevalent in skins and plant barks, where they form a waxy protective coating. Several common sources of saponins include soybeans, which have approximately 5% saponin content by dry weight, Saponaria plants, whose root was historically used as soap, as well as alfalfa, aloe, asparagus, grapes, chickpeas , cassava, various other grains and weeds. Saponins can be obtained from these sources using extraction techniques well known to people skilled in the art. A description of conventional extraction techniques can be found in Patent Application No. U.S 2005/0123662, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. Antioxidant
[0215] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least an antioxidant. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one antioxidant, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one antioxidant, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one antioxidant, Reb X, and optionally, at least one additive.
[0216] As used herein, at least one of the antioxidant may comprise a single antioxidant or a plurality of antioxidants as a functional ingredient for the sweetener composition or sweetened compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the antioxidant is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0217] As used herein, "antioxidant" refers to any substance that inhibits, suppresses or reduces oxidative damage to cells and biomolecules. Without being bound by theory, antioxidants are believed to inhibit, suppress or reduce oxidative damage to cells and biomolecules by stabilizing free radicals before they can cause adverse reactions. In this way, antioxidants can prevent or delay the appearance of some degenerative diseases.
[0218] Examples of suitable antioxidants for embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, vitamins, vitamin cofactors, minerals, hormones, carotenoids, carotenoid terpenoids, non-carotenoid terpenoids, flavonoids, flavonoid polyphenols (e.g., bioflavonoids), flavonols, flavones, phenols, polyphenols, phenol esters, polyphenol esters, non-flavonoid phenolics, isothiocyanates, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the antioxidant is vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, ubiquinone, mineral selenium, manganese, melatonin, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeantine, crypoxanthin, reservatol, eugenol, quercetin, catechin, gossypol , hesperetin, curcumin, ferulic acid, thymol, hydroxytyrosol, tumeral, thymus, olive oil, lipoic acid, glutatinone, gutamine, oxalic acid, compounds derived from tocopherol, butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (BHT) EDTA), tertbutylhydroquinone, acetic acid, pectin, tocotrienol, tocopherol, coenzyme Q10, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, saponins, limonoids, caempfedrol, miricetin, isoramnetin, proanthocyanidins, quercetin, apothecin, rutin, atrine, lignin, rutin, atrin , flavan-3-ols (eg anthocyanidins), galocatechins, epicatechin and their gallate forms, epigallocatechin and their gallate forms (ECGC), teaflavine and their forms of gallates, tearubigins, isoflavone phytoestrogens, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, anitocyanins, cyanidin, delfinidine, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidine, pethidine, ellagic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, rosmarinic acid, by rosinic acid and cinnamic acid example, ferulic acid), chlorogenic acid, chicory acid, galotanins, elagitanins, antoxanthins, betacyanins and other plant pigments, silymarin, citric acid, lignan, antinutrients, bilirubin, uric acid, R-α-lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, emblicanin, apple extract, apple skin extract (Applephenon), red rooibos extract, rooibos extract, green, hawthorn berry extract, red raspberry extract, green coffee antioxidant (GCA), 20% aronia extract , grape seed extract (VinOseed), cocoa extract, hops extract, mangosteen extract, mangosteen peel extract, cranberry extract, pomegranate extract, pomegranate peel extract, pomegranate seed, hawthorn berry extract, pomela pomegranate extract, cinnamon bark extract, grape skin extract, cranberry extract, pine bark extract, pycnogenol, elderberry extract, mulberry root extract, extract gogi, blackberry extract, blueberry extract, blueberry leaf extract, raspberry extract, curcuma extract, lemon bioflavonoids, black currant, ginger, açaí powder, green coffee bean extract, green tea extract and phytic acid, or combinations thereof. In alternative embodiments, the antioxidant is a synthetic antioxidant, such as butylated hydroxytoluene or butylated hydroxyanisole, for example. Other sources of antioxidants suitable for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa, chocolate, spices, herbs, rice, meat from herd organs, yeast, whole grains or cereal grains.
[0219] Particular antioxidants belong to the class of phytonutrients called polyphenols (also known as "polyphenols"), which are a group of chemicals found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group per molecule. A variety of health benefits can be derived from polyphenols, including prevention of cancer, heart disease, and chronic inflammatory disease, and improved mental and physical strength, for example. Suitable polyphenols for the embodiments of this invention include catechins, proanthocyanidins, procyanidins, anthocyanins, quercerin, rutin, reservatrol, isoflavones, curcumin, punicalagin, elagitanin, hesperidin, naringin, lemon flavonoids, other similar materials and combinations thereof.
[0220] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is a catechin, such as, for example, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Suitable sources of catechins for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, green tea, white tea, black tea, oolong tea, chocolate, cocoa, red wine, grape seed, red grape seed, purple grape skin, juice of red grape, red grape juice, berries, pycnogenol and red apple peel.
[0221] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is chosen from proanthocyanidins, procyanidins or combinations thereof. Suitable sources of proanthocyanidins and procyanidins for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, red grapes, purple grapes, cocoa, chocolate, grape seeds, red wine, cocoa beans, cranberry, apple skin, plum, blueberry, black currants , aronia berry, green tea, sorghum, cinnamon, barley, beans, pinto beans, hops, almonds, hazelnuts, pecans, pistachios, pycnogenol and colorful berries.
[0222] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is an anthocyanin. Suitable sources of anthocyanins for the embodiments of that invention include, but are not limited to, red berries, blueberries, cranberries, cranberries, raspberries, cherries, pomegranates, strawberry, elderberries, aronia berry, red grape skin, purple grape skin, seed grape, red wine, black currant, red currant, cocoa, plum, apple skin, peach, red pear, red cabbage, red onion, red orange, and blackberries.
[0223] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is chosen from quercetin, rutin or combinations thereof. Suitable sources of quercetin and rutin for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, red apples, onions, cabbage, marsh blueberry, cranberry, aronia berry, cranberries, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, raspberries, blackcurrant, tea green, black tea, plum, apricot, parsley, leek, broccoli, pepper, berry wine, and ginkgo.
[0224] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is resveratrol. Suitable sources of resveratrol for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, red grapes, peanuts, cranberries, blueberries, cranberries, blackberry, Japanese Itadori tea and red wine.
[0225] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is an isoflavone. Suitable sources of isoflavones for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, soy beans, soy products, vegetables, alfalfa stems, chickpeas, peanuts and red clover.
[0226] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is curcumin. Suitable sources of curcumin for the embodiments of that invention include, but are not limited to, saffron and mustard.
[0227] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is chosen from punicalagin, elagitanin or combinations thereof. Suitable sources of punicalagin and elagitanin for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, pomegranates, raspberries, strawberry, walnut, and red wine aged in oak.
[0228] In some embodiments, the antioxidant is a citrus flavonoid, such as hesperidin or naringin. Suitable sources of citrus flavonoids, such as hesperidin or naringin, for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, orange, grapefruit and lemon juice.
[0229] In particular embodiments, the antioxidant is chlorogenic acid. Suitable sources of chlorogenic acid for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, green coffee, yerba mate, red wine, grape seed, red grape skin, purple grape skin, red grape juice, purple grape juice, juice apple, cranberries, pomegranates, blueberry, strawberry, sunflower, Echinacea, pycnogenol and apple peel. Dietary fiber
[0230] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one source of dietary fiber. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one source of dietary fiber, Reb X and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one source of dietary fiber, Reb X and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one source of dietary fiber, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0231] As used herein, at least one of the dietary fiber source may comprise a single source of dietary fiber or a plurality of sources of dietary fiber as the functional ingredient for the sweetener compositions or sweetened compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the dietary fiber source is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0232] Numerous polymeric carbohydrates that have significantly different structures, both in composition and in bonds, are included in the definition of dietary fiber. Such compounds are well known to persons skilled in the art, non-limiting examples of which include non-starch polysaccharides, lignin, cellulose, methylcellulose, hemicelluloses, β-glycans, pectins, gums, mucilage, waxes, inulins, oligosaccharides, fruit -oligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, chitins and combinations thereof.
[0233] Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds. Polysaccharides that are not starch are linked with β bonds, which humans are unable to digest due to the lack of an enzyme that breaks down β bonds. On the other hand, digestible starch polysaccharides generally comprise α (1-4) bonds.
[0234] Lignin is a large, highly branched and cross-linked polymer based on oxygenated phenylpropane units. Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose molecules joined by a β (1-4) bond, which mammalian amylases are unable to hydrolyze. Methylcellulose is a methyl ester of cellulose, which is commonly used in foodstuffs as a thickener and emulsifier. It is commercially available (for example, Citrucel from GlaxoSmithKline, Celevac from Shire Pharmaceuticals). Hemicelluloses are highly branched polymers that consist mainly of glucuron- and 4-O-methylglucuroxylans. β-Glucans are polymers of mixed bonds (1-3), (1-4) β-D-glucose found primarily in cereals, such as oats and barley. Pectins, such as beta pectin, are a group of polysaccharides composed primarily of D-galacturonic acid, which is methoxylated to varying degrees.
[0235] Gums and mucilages represent a wide array of different branched structures. Guar gum, derived from the soil endosperm of guar seed, is a galactomannan. Guar gum is commercially available (eg Benefiber from Novartis AG). Other gums, such as gum arabic and pectins, have still different structures. Other additional gums include xanthan gum, gelanum gum, tare gum, psyllium seed bark gum, and locust bean gum.
[0236] Waxes are esters of ethylene glycol and two fatty acids, which generally appear as a hydrophobic liquid that is insoluble in water.
[0237] Inulins comprise naturally occurring oligosaccharides that belong to the class of carbohydrates known as fructans. They are usually composed of fructose units joined by β (2-1) glycosidic bonds with a glucose terminal unit. Oligosaccharides are polymers of saccharide typically containing three to six sugar components. They are generally found both linked to 0- and N- in compatible amino acid side chains in proteins or lipid molecules. Fructo-oligosaccharides are oligosaccharides that consist of short chains of fructose molecules.
[0238] Edible sources of dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, grains, legumes, fruits and vegetables. Grains that provide dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, oats, rye, barley and wheat. Vegetables that provide fiber include, but are not limited to, peas and grains, such as soybeans. Fruits and vegetables that provide a source of fiber include, but are not limited to, apples, oranges, pears, bananas, berries, tomatoes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots, potatoes and celery. Plant-based foods, such as bran, nuts, and seeds (such as flax seeds) are also sources of dietary fiber. Parts of plants that provide dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, the stems, roots, leaves, seeds, pulp, and skin.
[0239] Although dietary fiber is generally derived from plant sources, non-digestible animal products, such as chitins, are also classified as dietary fiber. Chitin is a polysaccharide composed of acetylglucosamine units joined by β (1-4) bonds, similar to cellulose bonds.
[0240] Sources of dietary fiber are commonly divided into categories of soluble and insoluble fiber, based on their solubility in water. Both soluble and insoluble fibers are found in foods of plant origin in varying degrees, depending on the characteristics of the plant. Although insoluble in water, insoluble fiber has passive hydrophilic properties, which help to increase volume, soften stools and shorten the transit time of faecal solids through the intestinal tract.
[0241] Unlike insoluble fiber, soluble fiber readily dissolves in water. Soluble fiber undergoes active metabolic processing through fermentation in the colon, which increases colonic microflora and thereby increases the mass of faecal solids. The fermentation of fibers by colonic bacteria also yields final products with significant health benefits. For example, the fermentation of pasta products produces short-chain gases and fatty acids. Acids produced during fermentation include butyric, acetic, propionic and valeric acids, which have several beneficial properties, such as stabilizing blood glucose levels by acting on the release of insulin by the pancreas and providing liver control by breaking down glycogen. In addition, fiber fermentation can reduce atherosclerosis by decreasing cholesterol synthesis by the liver and reducing blood levels of LDL and triglycerides. The acids produced during fermentation lower the colonic pH, thus protecting the colon mucosa from the formation of cancer polyp. The lower colonic pH also increases mineral absorption, improves the barrier properties of the colonic mucous layer and inhibits inflammatory and adhesion irritants. Fiber fermentation can also benefit the immune system by stimulating the production of T helper cells, antibodies, leukocytes, splenocytes, cytokinins and lymphocytes. Fatty acid
[0242] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one fatty acid. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one fatty acid, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one fatty acid, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one fatty acid, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0243] As used herein, at least one of the fatty acid may be a single fatty acid or a plurality of fatty acids as a functional ingredient for the sweetener composition or for the sweetened compositions provided in this document. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the fatty acid is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0244] As used herein, "fatty acid" refers to any straight-chain monocarboxylic acid and includes saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, long-chain fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, short-chain fatty acids, fatty acid precursors (which include omega-9 fatty acid precursors) and esterified fatty acids. As used herein, "long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid" refers to any carboxylic acid or polyunsaturated organic acid with a long aliphatic tail. As used herein, "omega-3 fatty acid" refers to any polyunsaturated fatty acid that has a first double bond as the third carbon-carbon bond from the methyl at the terminal end of its carbon chain. In particular embodiments, the omega-3 fatty acid may comprise a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. As used herein, "omega-6 fatty acid" includes any polyunsaturated fatty acid that has a first double bond such as the sixth carbon-carbon bond from the terminal end methyl of its carbon chain.
[0245] Omega-3 fatty acids suitable for use in the embodiments of the present invention can be derived from algae, fish, animals, plants or combinations thereof, for example. Examples of suitable omega-3 fatty acids include, but are not limited to, linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, suitable omega-3 fatty acids may be provided in fish oils (for example, shad oil, tuna oil, salmon oil, bonito oil and cod oil), omega-3 microalgae oils or combinations of those. In particular embodiments, suitable omega-3 fatty acids can be derived from commercially available omega-3 fatty acid oils, such as DHA Microalgae oil (from Martek, Columbia, MD), OmegaPure (from Omega Protein, Houston, TX), Marinol C-38 (from Lipid Nutrition, Channahon, IL), bonito oil and MEG-3 (from Ocean Nutrition, Dartmout, NS), Evogel (from Symrise, Holzminden, Germany), Marine Oil, from tuna or salmon (from Arista Wilton, CT), OmegaSource 2000, Marine Oil, from yellowtail and Marine Oil, from cod (from OmegaSource, RTP, NC).
[0246] Suitable omega-6 fatty acids include, but are not limited to, linoleic acid, gamma-linoleic acid, diomo-gamma-linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosadienoic acid, docosadienoic acid, adrenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and combinations thereof.
[0247] Esterified fatty acids suitable for the embodiments of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, monoacylgicerols containing omega-3 and / or omega-6 fatty acids, diacylgicerols containing omega-3 and / or omega-6 fatty acids, or triacylglycerols containing omega-3 and / or omega-6 fatty acids, and combinations thereof. Vitamin
[0248] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one vitamin. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one vitamin, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one vitamin, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one vitamin, Reb X and optionally at least one additive.
[0249] As used herein, at least one of the vitamin may be a single vitamin or a plurality of vitamins as a functional ingredient for the sweetener and sweetened compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the vitamin is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0250] Vitamins are organic compounds that the human body needs in small amounts for its normal functioning. The body uses vitamins without breaking them down, unlike other nutrients, such as carbohydrates and proteins. To date, thirteen vitamins have been recognized, and one or more can be used in the sweetener compositions and functional sweetened compositions in this document. Suitable vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, and vitamin C. Many of the vitamins also have chemical names alternatives, the non-limiting examples of which are provided below.

[0251] Several other compounds have been classified as vitamins by some authorities. These compounds can be called pseudovitamins and include, but are not limited to, compounds such as ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10), pangamic acid, dimethylglycine, taestril, amygdalin, flavanoids, para-aminobenzoic acid, adenine, adenylic acid and s-methylmethionine. As used herein, the term vitamin includes pseudovitamins.
[0252] In some embodiments, the vitamin is a fat-soluble vitamin chosen from among vitamin A, D, E, K and combinations of these.
[0253] In other embodiments, the vitamin is a water-soluble vitamin chosen from vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin C and combinations thereof. Glucosamine
[0254] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is glucosamine. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises glucosamine, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, glucosamine, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises glucosamine, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0255] Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, glucosamine is present in the sweetener composition or functional sweet composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0256] Glucosamine, also called chitosamine, is an amino sugar believed to be an important precursor in the biosynthesis of proteins and glycosylated lipids. D-glucosamine occurs naturally in cartilage in the form of glucosamine-6-phosphate, which is synthesized from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine. However, glucosamine is also available in other forms, the non-limiting examples of which include glucosamine hydrochloride, glucosamine sulfate, N-acetyl-glucosamine, or any other salt forms or combinations thereof. Glucosamine can be obtained by acid hydrolysis of lobsters, crabs or shrimp shells of various species using methods well known to people skilled in the art. In a particular embodiment, glucosamine can be derived from fungal biomass containing chitin, as described in U.S. Patent Application 2006/0172392.
[0257] The sweetener compositions or the sweetened composition may further comprise chondroitin sulfate. Mineral
[0258] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one mineral. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one mineral, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one mineral, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one mineral, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0259] As used herein, at least one of the mineral can be a single mineral or a plurality of minerals as a functional ingredient for the sweetener compositions or for the sweetened compositions provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the mineral is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0260] Minerals, according to the teachings of this invention, comprise inorganic chemical elements required by living organisms. Minerals are composed of a wide range of compositions (for example, elements, simple salts, and complex silicates) and also vary greatly in crystal structure. They can be found naturally in food and drink, can be added as a supplement, or can be consumed or administered separately from food or drink.
[0261] Minerals can be categorized as bulky minerals, which are required in relatively large amounts, or residual minerals, which are required in relatively small amounts. Bulky minerals are generally required in amounts greater than or equal to about 100 mg per day and residual minerals are those which are required in amounts less than about 100 mg per day.
[0262] In particular embodiments of that invention, the mineral is chosen from bulky minerals, residual minerals or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of bulky minerals include calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and sulfur. Non-limiting examples of residual minerals include chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, and iodine. Although iodine is generally classified as a residual mineral, it is required in larger quantities than other residual minerals and is commonly categorized as a bulky mineral.
[0263] In other particular embodiments of this invention, the mineral is a residual mineral, believed to be necessary for human nutrition, whose non-limiting examples include bismuth, boron, lithium, nickel, rubidium, silicon, strontium, tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten and vanadium.
[0264] The minerals embodied in this document may be in any form known to persons skilled in the art. For example, in a particular embodiment, minerals can be in their ionic form, which has either a positive or negative charge. In another particular embodiment, the minerals can be in their molecular form. For example, sulfur and phosphorus are commonly found in nature as sulfates, sulfides, and phosphates. Preservative
[0265] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least a preservative. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one preservative, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one preservative, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one preservative, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0266] As used herein, at least one of the preservative can be a single preservative or a plurality of preservatives as a functional ingredient for the sweetener compositions or sweet composition provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the preservative is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0267] In particular embodiments of this invention, the preservative is chosen from antimicrobials, antioxidants, antienzytics or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of antimicrobials include sulfites, propionates, benzoates, sorbates, nitrates, nitrites, bacteriocins, salts, sugars, acetic acid, dimethyl bicarbonate (DMDC), ethanol, and ozone.
[0268] According to a particular embodiment, the preservative is a sulfite. Sulphites include, but are not limited to, sulfur dioxide, sodium bisulfite and potassium hydrogen sulfite.
[0269] According to another particular embodiment, the preservative is a propionate. Propionates include, but are not limited to, propionic acid, calcium propionate and sodium propionate.
[0270] According to yet another particular embodiment, the preservative is a benzoate. Benzoates include, but are not limited to, sodium benzoate and benzoic acid.
[0271] In another particular embodiment, the preservative is a sorbate. Sorbates include, but are not limited to, potassium sorbate, sodium sorbate, calcium sorbate and sorbic acid.
[0272] In yet another particular embodiment, the preservative is a nitrate and / or a nitrite. Nitrates and nitrites include, but are not limited to, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite.
[0273] In yet another particular embodiment, at least one of the preservative is a bacteriocin, such as, for example, nisin.
[0274] In another particular embodiment, the preservative is ethanol.
[0275] In yet another particular embodiment, the preservative is ozone.
[0276] Non-limiting examples of anti-enzymes suitable for use as preservatives in particular embodiments of the invention include ascorbic acid, citric acid and metal chelating agents, such as ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Moisturizing agent
[0277] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one moisturizing agent. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one moisturizing agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one moisturizing agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one moisturizing agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0278] As used herein, at least one of the moisturizing agent can be a single moisturizing agent or a plurality of moisturizing agents as a functional ingredient for the sweetener compositions or sweet composition provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the moisturizing agent is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0279] Hydration products help the body to replace fluids that are lost through excretion. For example, the fluid is lost as sweat to regulate body temperature, as urine to excrete toxic substances, and as water vapor to exchange gases in the lungs. Fluid loss can also occur due to a wide range of external causes, whose non-limiting examples include physical activity, exposure to dry air, diarrhea, vomiting, hyperthermia, shock, blood loss and hypotension. Diseases that cause fluid loss include diabetes, cholera, gastroenteritis, shigellosis and yellow fever. Forms of malnutrition that cause fluid loss include excessive alcohol consumption, electrolyte imbalance, fasting and rapid weight loss.
[0280] In a particular embodiment, the hydration product is a composition that helps the body to replace fluids that are lost during exercise. Consequently, in a particular embodiment, the hydration product is an electrolyte, non-limiting examples of which include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, bicarbonate and combinations thereof. Electrolytes suitable for use in the particular embodiments of that invention are also described in U.S. Patent No. 5,681,569, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. In particular embodiments, electrolytes are obtained from their corresponding water-soluble salts. Non-limiting examples of salts for use in the particular embodiments include chlorides, carbonates, sulfates, acetates, bicarbonates, citrates, phosphates, hydrogen phosphates, tartrates, sorbates, citrates, benzoates or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, electrolytes are provided by juice, fruit extracts, plant extracts, tea or tea extracts.
[0281] In particular embodiments of this invention, the hydration product is a carbohydrate to supplement energy reserves burned by the muscles. Carbohydrates suitable for use in the particular embodiments of that invention are described in U.S. Patents 4,312,856, 4,853,237, 5,681,569 and 6,989,171, the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. Non-limiting examples of suitable carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, complex polysaccharides or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitable types of monosaccharides for use in the particular embodiments include trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses, octoses and nanoses. Non-limiting examples of specific types of suitable monosaccharides include glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, erythrose, threose, erythrulose, arabinose, lixose, ribose, xylose, ribulose, xylulose, alose, altrose, galactose, glucose, glucose, idose, mannose, talose, fructose, psychosis, sorbose, tagatose, manoeptulose, sedoeltulose, octolose and sialose. Non-limiting examples of suitable disaccharides include sucrose, lactose and maltose. Non-limiting examples of suitable oligosaccharides include sucrose, maltotriose and maltodextrin. In other particular embodiments, carbohydrates are supplied through a corn syrup, sugar beet, sugar cane, juice or tea.
[0282] In another particular embodiment, the moisturizer is a flavonoid that provides cellular rehydration. Flavonoids are a class of natural substances present in plants and generally comprise a 2-phenylbenzopyran molecular skeleton attached to one or more chemical moieties. Non-limiting examples of flavonoids suitable for use in the particular embodiments of that invention include catechin, epicatechin, galocatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin 3-gallate, teaflavine, teaflavine 3-gallate, teaflavine 3'-gallate, teaflavine 3,3 'gallate , tearubigin or combinations of these. Several common sources of flavonoids include tea plants, fruits, vegetables and flowers. In preferred embodiments, the flavonoid is extracted from green tea.
[0283] In a particular embodiment, the hydration product is a glycerol solution to enhance exercise resistance. Ingestion of a solution containing glycerol has been shown to provide beneficial physiological effects, such as expanded blood volume, lower heart rate and lower rectal temperature. Probiotics / prebiotics
[0284] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is chosen from at least one probiotic, prebiotic and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one probiotic, prebiotic and combination thereof; Reb X; and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one probiotic, at least one prebiotic and a combination thereof; Reb X; and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one probiotic, prebiotic and combination thereof; Reb X; and optionally at least one additive.
[0285] As used herein, at least one of the probiotic or prebiotic may be a single probiotic or prebiotic or a plurality of probiotics or prebiotics as a functional ingredient for the sweetener or sweet composition provided herein. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the probiotic, prebiotic or combination thereof is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0286] Probiotics, according to the teachings of that invention, comprise microorganisms that benefit health when consumed in an effective amount. Desirably, probiotics beneficially affect the naturally occurring gastrointestinal microflora in the human body and confer health benefits in addition to nutrition. Probiotics can include, without limitation, bacteria, yeasts and fungi.
[0287] According to particular embodiments, the probiotic is a beneficial microorganism that beneficially affects the naturally occurring gastrointestinal microflora in the human body and provides health benefits in addition to nutrition. Examples of probiotics include, but are not limited to, bacteria of the genera Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, Streptococci, or combinations thereof, which confer beneficial effects on humans.
[0288] In particular embodiments of the invention, at least one of the probiotic is chosen from the genus Lactobacilli. Lactobacilli (that is, bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, hereinafter "L.") have been used for several hundred years as a food preservative and to promote human health. Non-limiting examples of Lactobacilli species found in the human intestinal tract include L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. fermentum, L. saliva roes, L. brevis, L. leichmannii, L. plantarum, L. cellobiosus, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. GG, L. bulgaricus and L. thermophilus.
[0289] According to other particular embodiments of that invention, the probiotic is chosen from the genus Bifidobacteria. Bifidobacteria are also known to exert a beneficial influence on human health by producing short-chain fatty acids (eg, acetic, propionic and butyric acids), lactic and formic acid as a result of carbohydrate metabolism. Non-limiting species of Bifidobacteria found in the human gastrointestinal tract include B. angulatum, B. animalis, B. asteroides, B. bifidum, B. boum, B. breve, B. catenulatum, B. choerinum, B. coryneforme, B. cuniculi , B. dentium, B. gallicum, B. gallinarum, B. indicum, B. longum, B. magnum, B. merycicum, B. minimum, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. pseudolongum, B. psychraerophilum, B. pullorum, B ruminantium, B. saeculare, B. scardovii, B. simiae, B. subtile, B. thermacidophilum, B. thermophilum, B. urinalis and B. sp.
[0290] According to other particular embodiments of that invention, the probiotic is chosen from the genus Streptococcus. Streptococcus thermophilus is an optional gram positive anaerobic. This is classified as a lactic acid bacteria and is commonly found in milk and dairy products, and is used in the production of yogurt. Other non-limiting probiotic species of this bacterium include Streptococcus salivarus and Streptococcus cremoris.
[0291] Probiotics that can be used according to this invention are well known to those skilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of foodstuffs that include probiotics include yogurt, sauerkraut, kefir, kimchi, fermented vegetables and other foodstuffs that contain a microbial element that beneficially affects the host animal by improving intestinal micro-balance.
[0292] Prebiotics, according to the teachings of that invention, are compositions that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines. Prebiotic substances can be consumed by a relevant probiotic or otherwise assist in maintaining the life of the relevant probiotic or stimulating its growth. When consumed in an effective amount, prebiotics also beneficially affect the naturally occurring microflora in the human body and thus confer health benefits beyond nutrition alone. Prebiotic foods enter the colon and serve as a substrate for endogenous bacteria, thereby indirectly providing the host with energy, metabolic substrates and essential micronutrients. The digestion and absorption of prebiotic foods by the body depends on bacterial metabolic activity, which collects energy for the host from nutrients that have escaped digestion and absorption in the small intestine.
[0293] Prebiotics, according to the embodiments of that invention, include, without limitation, mucopolysaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, nutrient precursors, proteins and combinations thereof.
[0294] According to a particular embodiment of that invention, the prebiotic is chosen from dietary fibers, which includes, without limitation, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. These compounds have the ability to increase the amount of probiotics, which leads to the benefits conferred by probiotics. Non-limiting examples of oligosaccharides that are categorized as prebiotics according to particular embodiments of that invention include fructo-oligosaccharides, inulins, isomalto-oligosaccharides, lactylol, lactosaccharose, lactulose, pyrodextrins, soy oligosaccharides, transgalacto-oligosaccharides and x-oligosaccharides.
[0295] According to other particular embodiments of the invention, the prebiotic is an amino acid. Although the amount of known prebiotics breaks down to provide carbohydrates for probiotics, some probiotics also require amino acids for nutrition.
[0296] Prebiotics are found naturally in a variety of foods, including, without limitation, bananas, berries, asparagus, garlic, wheat, oats, barley (and other whole grains), flax seed, tomatoes, Jerusalem artichoke, onions and chicory, vegetables (for example, dandelion leaves, spinach, Brassica oleracea, chard, cabbage, Brassica juncea, turnips), and vegetables (for example, lentils, kidney beans, chickpeas, navy beans, white beans, beans black). Weight Management Agent
[0297] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least a weight management agent. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one weight management agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one weight management agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetening composition and the sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one weight management agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0298] As used in this document, at least one of the weight management agent can be a single weight management agent or a plurality of weight management agents as a functional ingredient for the sweetener compositions or sweet composition provided in this document. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, at least one of the weight management agent is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0299] As used herein, "a weight management agent" includes an "appetite suppressant" and / or a "thermogenic agent". As used herein, the phrases "appetite suppressant", "appetite satiety compositions", "satiety agents", and "satiety ingredients" are synonymous. The phrase "appetite suppressant" describes macronutrients, herbal extracts, exogenous hormones, anorectic, anorexigenic, pharmaceutical drugs and combinations thereof, which when distributed in an effective amount, suppress, inhibit, reduce or otherwise limit appetite person's. The phrase "thermogenic agent" describes macronutrients, herbal extracts, exogenous hormones, anorectic, anorexigenic, pharmaceutical drugs, and combinations thereof, which when distributed in an effective amount, activate or otherwise enhance the thermogenesis or metabolism of a people.
[0300] Suitable weight management agents include macronutrients selected from the group consisting of proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fats and combinations of these. The consumption of proteins, carbohydrates, and dietary fats stimulates the release of peptides with appetite suppressing effects. For example, the consumption of dietary proteins and fats stimulates the release of the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), although the consumption of carbohydrates and dietary fats stimulates the release of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).
[0301] Suitable macronutrient weight management agents also include carbohydrates. Carbohydrates generally comprise sugars, starches, cellulose and gums that the body converts to glucose for energy. Carbohydrates are commonly classified into two categories, digestible carbohydrates (eg, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and starch) and non-digestible carbohydrates (eg, dietary fiber). Studies have shown that non-digestible carbohydrates and complex polymeric carbohydrates that have reduced absorption and digestibility in the small intestine stimulate physiological responses that inhibit food intake. Consequently, the carbohydrates embodied in this document desirably comprise non-digestible carbohydrates or carbohydrates of reduced digestibility. Non-limiting examples of such carbohydrates include polydextrose; inulin; polyols derived from monosaccharides, such as erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, and sorbitol; alcohols derived from disaccharides, such as isomalt, lactitol, and maltitol; and hydrogenated starch hydrolysates. Carbohydrates are described in greater detail below in this document.
[0302] In another particular embodiment, the weight management agent is a dietary fat. Dietary fats are lipids that comprise combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to have a higher satiating power than monounsaturated fatty acids. Consequently, the dietary fats embodied in this document desirably comprise polyunsaturated fatty acids, non-limiting examples of which include triacylglycerols.
[0303] In a particular embodiment, the weight management agent is an herbal extract. Extracts of various types of plants have been identified as having appetite suppressing properties. Non-limiting examples of plants whose extracts have appetite suppressing properties include plants of the genera Hoodia, Trichocaulon, Caralluma, Stapelia, Orbea, Asclepias and Camelia. Other embodiments include extracts derived from Gymnema Sylvestre, Cola seed, Citrus Aurantium, Yerba Mate, Griffonia Simplicifolia, Guarana, myrrh, guggul lipid, and black currant oil.
[0304] Herbal extracts can be prepared from any type of plant material or plant biomass. Non-limiting examples of plant material and biomass include stems, roots, leaves, dry powder obtained from plant material and dry sap or sap. Herbal extracts are usually prepared by extracting the sap from the plant and then atomizing the sap. Alternatively, solvent extraction procedures can be employed. Following the initial extraction, it may be desirable to further fractionate the extract (for example, by column chromatography) in order to obtain a herb extract with marked activity. Such techniques are well known to persons skilled in the art.
[0305] In a particular embodiment, the herb extract is derived from a plant of the genus Hoodia, whose species include H. alstonii, H. currorii, H. dregei, H. flava, H. gordonii, H. jutatae, H. mossamedensis, H. officinalis, H. parviflorai, H. pedicellata, H. pilifera, H. ruschii and H. triebneri. Hoodiasa plants are succulent plants native to southern Africa. A Hoodia sterol glycoside, known as P57, is believed to be responsible for the appetite suppressant effect of Hoodia species.
[0306] In another particular embodiment, the herb extract is derived from a plant of the genus Caralluma, whose species include C. indica, C. fimbriata, C. attenuate, C. tuberculata, C. edulis, C. adscendens, C. stalagmifera, C. umbellate, C. penicillata, C. russeliana, C. retrospicens, C. arabica and C. lasiantha. Carraluma plants belong to the same subfamily as Hoodia, Asclepiadaceae. Carrallumas plants are small, upright and fleshy plants native to India that have medicinal properties, such as appetite suppression, which are generally attributed to glycosides belonging to the pregnano group of glycosides, whose non-limiting examples include caratuberside A, caratuberside B, bouceroside I, bouceroside II, bouceroside III, bouceroside IV, bouceroside V, bouceroside VI, bouceroside VII, bouceroside VIII, bouceroside IX and bouceroside X.
[0307] In another particular embodiment, at least one of the herb extract is derived from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon. Trichocaulon plants are succulent plants that are usually native to southern Africa, similar to Hoodia, and include the species T. piliferum and T. officinale.
[0308] In another particular embodiment, the herb extract is derived from a plant of the genus Stapelia or Orbea, whose species include S. gigantean and O. variegate, respectively. Both Stapelia and Orbea plants belong to the same subfamily as Hoodia, Asclepiadaceae. Without the desire to stick to any theory, compounds that exhibit appetite suppressing activity are believed to be saponins, such as pregnan glycosides, which include stavarosides A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and K.
[0309] In another particular embodiment, the herb extract is derived from a plant of the genus Asclepias. Asclepia plants also belong to the Asclepiadaceae plant family. Non-limiting examples of Asclepias plants include A. incarnate, A. curassayica, A. syriaca and A. tuberose. Without the desire to stick to any theory, it is believed that the extracts comprise steroidal compounds, such as pregnane glycosides and pregnane aglycone, which have appetite suppressing effects.
[0310] In a particular embodiment, the weight management agent is an exogenous hormone that has a weight management effect. Non-limiting examples of such hormones include CCK, YY peptide, ghrelin, bombesin and gastric release peptide (GRP), enterostatin, apolipoprotein A-IV, GLP-1, amylin, somastatin and leptin.
[0311] In another embodiment, the weight management agent is a pharmaceutical drug. Non-limiting examples include fentenime, diethylpropion, phendimetrazine, sibutramine, rimonabant, oxintomodulin, floxetine hydrochloride, ephedrine, phenethylamine or other stimulants.
[0312] At least one of the weight management agent can be used individually or in combination as a functional ingredient for the sweetener compositions provided in that invention. Osteoporosis Management Agent
[0313] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least an osteoporosis management agent. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one osteoporosis management agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one osteoporosis management agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetening composition and the sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one osteoporosis management agent, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0314] As used herein, at least one of the osteoporosis management agent can be a single osteoporosis management agent or a plurality of osteoporosis management agents as a functional ingredient for the sweetener compositions or sweetened composition provided in this document. Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, at least one of the osteoporosis management agent is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0315] Osteoporosis is a skeletal dysfunction of decreased bone strength, which results in an increased risk of bone fracture. Osteoporosis is generally characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD), disruption of bone microarchitecture, and changes in the amount and variety of non-collagen proteins in the bone.
[0316] In certain embodiments, the osteoporosis management agent is at least a source of calcium. According to a particular embodiment, the calcium source is any compound containing calcium, including complexes of salts, solubilized species and other forms of calcium. Non-limiting examples of calcium sources include calcium chelated with amino acid, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, citrate calcium, calcium malate, calcium citrate malate, calcium gluconate, calcium tartrate, calcium lactate, solubilized species thereof and combinations thereof.
[0317] According to a particular embodiment, the osteoporosis management agent is a source of magnesium. The magnesium source is any compound that contains magnesium, including complexes of salts, solubilized species and other forms of magnesium. Non-limiting examples of magnesium sources include magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, magnesium gluceptate, magnesium gluconate, magnesium lactate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium picolate, magnesium sulfate, solubilized species thereof and mixtures thereof. In another particular embodiment, the magnesium source comprises a magnesium-chelated amino acid or a magnesium-chelated creatine.
[0318] In other embodiments, the osteoporosis management agent is chosen from among vitamins D, C, K, its precursors and / or beta-carotene and combinations of these.
[0319] Various plants and plant extracts have also been identified as effective in preventing and treating osteoporosis. Without the desire to stick to any theory, it is believed that plants and plant extracts stimulate bone morphogenic proteins and / or inhibit bone resorption, thus stimulating bone regeneration and strength. Non-limiting examples of plants and plant extracts suitable as osteoporosis management agents include species of the genera Taraxacum and Amelanchier, as disclosed in Patent Publication No. US 2005/0106215, and species of the genera Lindera, Artemisia, Acorus, Carthamus, Carum, Cnidium, Curcuma, Cyperus, Juniperus, Prunus, Iris, Cichorium, Dodonaea, Epimedium, Erigonoum, Soya, Mentha, Ocimum, Thymus, Tanacetum, Plantago, Spearmint, Bixa, Vitis, Rosemarinus, Rhus and Anethum, as revealed in the Publication US 2005/0079232. Phytoestrogen
[0320] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least a phytoestrogen. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one phytoestrogen, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a composition comprises a sweetening composition, at least one phytoestrogen, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition, wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one phytoestrogen, Reb X, and optionally at least one additive.
[0321] As used herein, at least one of the phytoestrogens can be a single phytoestrogen or a plurality of phytoestrogens as a functional ingredient for the sweetener or sweet composition provided in this document. Generally, according to particular embodiments of that invention, at least one of the phytoestrogen is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0322] Phytoestrogens are compounds found in plants that can typically be distributed to the human body by eating plants or parts of plants that have phytoestrogens. As used herein, "phytoestrogen" refers to any substance that, when introduced into the body, causes an estrogen-like effect to any degree. For example, a phytoestrogen can bind to estrogen receptors within the body and have a small estrogen-like effect.
[0323] Examples of suitable phytoestrogens for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, isoflavones, stilbenes, lignans, resorcyclic acid lactones, coumestanes, coumestrol, equol and combinations thereof. Suitable sources of phytoestrogens include, but are not limited to, whole grains, cereals, fibers, fruits, vegetables, black acid, sisal root, black currant, viburnum, agnocasto, spirema, dong quai root, devil's claw root, yellow hellebore root, ginseng root, hedge herb, licorice, fake Valerian herb, agripalma herb, peony root, raspberry leaves, rose family plants, sage leaves, sarsaparilla root, palm heart berries, root wild yam, milleweed flowers, vegetables, soy beans, soy products (eg, miso, soy flour, soy milk, soy nuts, soy protein isolate, tempen or tofu), chickpeas, walnuts, lentils, seeds, clover, red clover, dandelion leaves, dandelion roots, fenugreek seeds, green tea, hops, red wine, flax seed, garlic , onions, linseed, borage, pleuris root, caraway, virgin tree, vitex, dates, dill, fennel seed, gotu kola, milk thistle, pennyroyal, pomegranates, alfacinha-do-rio, soy flour, tanachide and kudzu vine root (pueraria root) and the like and combinations thereof.
[0324] Isoflavones belong to the group of phytonutrients called polyphenols. In general, polyphenols (also known as "polyphenols") are a group of chemicals found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group per molecule.
[0325] Suitable phytoestrogen isoflavones according to embodiments of this invention include genistein, daidzein, glycitein, biochanin A, formononetine, their respective glycosides and naturally occurring glycoside conjugates, matairesinol, secaisolariciresinol, enterolactone, enterodiol, textured vegetable protein and combinations of the themselves.
[0326] Suitable sources of isoflavones for embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, soy beans, soy products, vegetables, alfalfa jerks, chickpeas, peanuts and red clover. Long chain primary aliphatic saturated alcohol
[0327] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least one primary long-chain saturated aliphatic alcohol. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one primary long-chain saturated aliphatic alcohol, Reb X and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one primary long chain aliphatic saturated alcohol, Reb X and optionally at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetening composition and a sweetener composition in which the sweetener composition comprises at least one primary long chain aliphatic saturated alcohol, Reb X and optionally at least one additive.
[0328] As used herein, at least one of the primary long chain aliphatic saturated alcohol can be a single primary long chain aliphatic saturated alcohol or a plurality of long chain primary aliphatic saturated alcohols as a functional ingredient for the compositions of sweetener or sweetened composition provided in this document. In general, according to particular embodiments of this invention, at least one of the primary long-chain saturated aliphatic alcohol is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0329] Primary long chain aliphatic saturated alcohols are a diverse group of organic compounds. The term alcohol refers to the fact that these compounds have a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. The primary term refers to the fact that, in these compounds, the carbon atom that is attached to the hydroxyl group is attached to only another carbon atom. The term saturated refers to the fact that these compounds have no carbon-carbon bonds. The term aliphatic refers to the fact that the carbon atoms in these compounds are joined in straight or branched chains instead of rings. The term long chain refers to the fact that the number of carbon atoms in these compounds is at least 8 carbons.
[0330] Non-limiting examples of long chain primary aliphatic saturated alcohols in particular for use in particular embodiments of the invention include 8-carbon 1-octanol, 9-carbon 1-nonanol, 10-carbon 1-decanol carbon, 1-dodecanol of 12 carbon atoms, 1-tetradecanol of 14 carbon atoms, 1-hexadecanol of 16 carbon atoms, 1-octadecanol of 18 carbon atoms, 1-eicosanol of 20 atoms of carbon, 1-docosanol of 22 carbon, 1-tetracosanol of 24 carbon, 1-hexacosanol of 26 carbon, 1-heptacosanol of 27 carbon, 1-octanosol of 28 carbon, 1-nonacosanol of 29 carbon, the 30-carbon 1-triacontanol, the 32-carbon 1-dotriacontanol and the 34-carbon 1-tetracontanol.
[0331] In a particularly desirable embodiment of the invention, the long chain primary aliphatic saturated alcohols are policosanol. Policosanol is the term for a mixture of long chain primary saturated aliphatic alcohols composed mainly of 28-carbon 1-octanosol and 30-carbon 1-triacontanol, as well as other alcohols in lower concentrations, such as 22-carbon 1-docosanol, 1 -24-carbon tetracosanol, 26-carbon 1-hexacosanol, 27-carbon 1-heptacosanol, 29-carbon 1-nonacosanol, 32-carbon 1-dotriacontanol and 34-carbon 1-tetracontanol.
[0332] Primary long chain aliphatic saturated alcohols are derived from natural fats and oils. They can be obtained from these sources by using extraction techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Policosanols can be isolated from a variety of plants and materials, which include sugar cane (Saccharum officinarium), yams (for example, Dioscorea opposite), rice bran (for example, Oryza sativa) and beeswax. Policosanols can be obtained from these sources by using extraction techniques well known to those skilled in the art. A description of such extraction techniques can be found in Patent Application No. US 2005/0220868, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference. Phytosterols
[0333] In certain embodiments, the functional ingredient is at least a phytosterol, phytostanol or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a sweetener composition comprises at least one phytosterol, phytostanol or a combination thereof; Reb X; and optionally at least one additive. In another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetenable composition, at least one phytosterol, phytostanol or a combination thereof, Reb X; and optionally, at least one additive. In yet another embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and a sweetener composition wherein the sweetener composition comprises at least one phytosterol, phytostanol or a combination thereof; Reb X; and optionally at least one additive.
[0334] Generally, according to particular embodiments of this invention, at least one of the phytosterol, phytostanol or combination thereof is present in the sweetener composition or sweetened composition in an amount sufficient to promote health and well-being.
[0335] As used in this document, the phrases "stanol", "vegetable stanol" and "phytostanol" are synonymous.
[0336] Plant sterols and stanols are present in nature in small amounts in many fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals, legumes, vegetable oils, tree barks and other plant sources. Although people normally consume sterols and plant stanols every day, the amounts consumed are insufficient to have significant cholesterol-lowering effects or other health benefits. Consequently, it is desirable to supplement food and drinks with plant sterols and stanols.
[0337] Sterols are a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3. In general, phytosterols have a double bond within the cholesterol-like steroid core; however, phytosterols may also comprise a C-24 substituted (R) side chain, such as an ethyl or methyl group or an additional double bond. Phytosterol structures are well known to those skilled in the art.
[0338] At least 44 naturally occurring phytosterols have been discovered and are generally derived from plants such as corn, soybeans, wheat and wood oils; however, they can be produced synthetically to form compositions identical to those in nature or that have properties similar to those of naturally occurring phytosterols. According to particular embodiments of this invention, non-limiting examples of phytosterols well known to those skilled in the art include 4-demethylesterols (e.g., β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol, 22-dehydrobrassicasterol and Δ5-avenasterol), 4-monomethyl sterols and 4,4-dimethyl sterols (triterpene alcohols) (for example, cycloartenol, 24-methylenocycloartanol and cyclobranol).
[0339] As used in this document, the phrases "stanol", "vegetable stanol" and "phytostanol" are synonymous. Phytostanols are saturated sterol alcohols present only in residual amounts in nature and can also be synthetically produced, such as by the hydrogenation of phytosterols. According to particular embodiments of this invention, non-limiting examples of phytostanols include β-sitostanol, campestanol, cycloartanol and saturated forms of other triterpene alcohols.
[0340] Both phytosterols and phytostanols, as used herein, include the various isomers, such as the α and β isomers (for example, α-sitosterol and β-sitostanol, which comprise one of the most effective phytosterols and phytostanols, respectively, to reduce serum cholesterol in mammals).
[0341] The phytosterols and phytostanols of the present invention can also be in their ester form. Suitable methods for derivating phytosterol and phytostanol esters are well known to those skilled in the art and are disclosed in US Patent Numbers 6,589,588, 6,635,774, 6,800,317 and US Patent Publication No. 2003/0045473, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by way of reference in its entirety. Non-limiting examples of suitable phytosterol and phytostanol esters include sitosterol acetate, sitosterol oleate, stigmasterol oleate and their corresponding phytostanol esters. The phytosterols and phytostanols of the present invention can also include derivatives thereof.
[0342] In general, the amount of functional ingredient in the sweetener or sweetened composition varies widely depending on the particular sweetener or sweetened composition and the desired functional ingredient. Those skilled in the art will immediately assess the amount of appropriate functional ingredient for each sweetener or sweetened composition.
[0343] In one embodiment, a method for preparing a sweetener composition comprises combining Reb X and at least one sweetener and / or additive and / or functional ingredient. In another embodiment, a method for preparing a sweetener composition comprises combining a composition comprising Reb X and at least one sweetener and / or additive and / or functional ingredient. Reb X can be supplied in pure form as the only sweetener in the sweetener composition or it can be supplied as part of a Stevia extract steviol glycoside mixture. Any of the sweeteners, additives and functional ingredients described in this document can be used in the sweetener compositions of the present invention. Sweetened compositions
[0344] Reb X or sweetener compositions comprising Reb X may be incorporated into any known edible material (referred to herein as "sweetener composition"), such as, for example, pharmaceutical compositions, edible mixtures and gel compositions, compositions dental, foodstuffs (confectionery, condiments, chewing gum, cereal compositions, baked goods, dairy products and table sweetener compositions), beverages and beverage products.
[0345] In one embodiment, a sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition and Reb X. In another embodiment, the sweetened composition comprises a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X. The sweetened compositions may optionally include additives, sweeteners, functional ingredients and combinations thereof.
[0346] In one embodiment, a method for preparing a sweetened composition comprises combining a sweetening composition and Reb X. The method may further comprise the addition of at least one sweetener and / or additive and / or functional ingredient. In another embodiment, a method for preparing a sweetened composition comprises combining a sweetening composition and a sweetening composition comprising Reb X. Reb X can be supplied in pure form as the only sweetener in the sweetener composition or it can be provided as part of a Stevia extract steviol glycoside mixture. Any of the sweeteners, additives and functional ingredients described in this document can be used in the sweetened compositions of the present invention. In a particular embodiment, the sweetener composition is a beverage. Pharmaceutical compositions
[0347] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition contains a pharmaceutically active substance and Reb X. In another embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition contains a pharmaceutically active substance and a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X. Reb X or Reb sweetener composition X can be present as an excipient material in the pharmaceutical composition, which can mask a bitter or otherwise unwanted taste of a pharmaceutically active substance or other excipient material. The pharmaceutical composition can be in the form of a tablet, a capsule, a liquid, an aerosol, a powder, an effervescent tablet or powder, a syrup, an emulsion, a suspension, a solution or any other form to provide the pharmaceutical composition to a patient. In particular embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can be in a form for oral administration, buccal administration, sublingual administration or any other route of administration as is known in the art.
[0348] As used herein, "pharmaceutically active substance" means any drug, drug formulation, medication, prophylactic agent, therapeutic agent or other substance that has biological activity. As used herein, "excipient material" refers to any inactive substance used as a vehicle for an active ingredient, such as any material to facilitate the handling, stability, dispersibility, wettability and / or release kinetics of a pharmaceutical substance active.
[0349] Suitable pharmaceutically active substances include, but are not limited to, medications for the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system, for the cardiovascular system, for the central nervous system, for pain or consciousness, for musculoskeletal disorders, for the eye, for the ear, nose and oropharynx, for the respiratory system, for endocrine problems, for the reproductive system or urinary system, for contraception, for obstetrics and gynecology, for the skin, for infections and infestations, for immunology, for allergic disorders, for nutrition, for neoplastic disorders, for diagnosis, for euthanasia or other biological functions or disorders. Examples of pharmaceutically active substances suitable for the embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, antacids, reflux suppressants, antiflatulent, antidopaminergic, proton pump inhibitors, cytoprotectants, prostaglandin analogs, laxatives, antispasmodics, antidiarrheals, sequestrators bile acid, opioids, beta receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmics, nitrates, antianginal agents, vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, peripheral activators, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, alpha-blockers, anticoagulants, heparin, antiplatelet drugs, fibrinolytics, antihemophilic factors, hemostatic drugs, hyperlipidemic agents, statins, hyinoptics, anesthetics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiemetics, anticonvulsants, antiepileptics, anxiolytics, barbiturates, movement drugs for dysfunction nzodiazepines, cyclopyrrolones, dopamine antagonists, antihistamines, cholinergics, anticholinergics, emetics, cannabinoids, analgesics, muscle relaxants, antibiotics, aminoglycosides, antivirals, antifungals, anti-inflammatories, anticlaucoma, antiseptic, bronchial, sympathomimetic, antiseptic, antidepressants antitussives, mucolytics, decongestants, corticosteroids, androgens, antiandrogens, gonadotropins, growth hormones, insulin, antidiabetics, thyroid hormones, calcitonin, diphosphonates, vasopressin analogs, alkalizing agents, quinolones, anticholinesterase, antiseptic agents , bone regulators, follicle stimulating hormones, luteinizing hormones, gamolinic acid, progestogen, dopamine agonist, oestrogen, prostaglandin, gonadorelin, clomiphene, tamoxifen, dietilstylbestrol, antileptic, antituberculosis drugs, antimalarials, anti-helminths, anti-helminths ntiprotozoan, antisera, vaccines, interferons, tonics, vitamins, cytotoxic drugs, sex hormones, aromatase inhibitors, somatostatin inhibitors or similar substances or combinations thereof. Such components are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and / or are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
[0350] The pharmaceutically active substance is present in the pharmaceutical composition in quantities over a wide range, depending on the particular pharmaceutically active agent being used and its intended applications. An effective dose of any of the pharmaceutically active substances described in this document can be determined immediately by using conventional techniques and observing results obtained under similar circumstances. In determining the effective dose, a variety of factors are considered, including, but not limited to, the patient's species; its size, age and general health; the specific disease involved; the degree of involvement or the severity of the disease; the response of the individual patient; the pharmaceutically active agent administered in particular; the mode of administration; the bioavailability characteristic of the preparation administered; the selected dosage regimen; and the use of concomitant medication. The pharmaceutically active substance is included in the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient in an amount sufficient to deliver to a patient a therapeutic amount of the pharmaceutically active substance in vivo in the absence of serious toxic effects when used in generally acceptable amounts. Therefore, suitable amounts can be immediately discerned by those skilled in the art.
[0351] According to particular embodiments of the present invention, the concentration of pharmaceutically active substance in the pharmaceutical composition will depend on the rates of absorption, inactivation and excretion of the drug, as well as other factors known to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the dosage values will also vary with the severity of the condition being relieved. It should also be understood that for any particular subject, specific dosage regimens must be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person who administers or supervises the administration of the pharmaceutical compositions, and that the dosage ranges presented in this document are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope or practice of the claimed composition. The pharmaceutically active substance can be administered at once or can be divided into a number of smaller doses to be administered at varying time intervals.
[0352] The pharmaceutical composition can also comprise other pharmaceutically acceptable excipient materials in addition to Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X. Examples of suitable excipient materials for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, non-stick, binders ( microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin), coatings, disintegrants, fillers, diluents, softeners, emulsifiers, flavoring agents, coloring agents, adjuvants, lubricants, functional agents (for example, nutrients), viscosity modifiers, swelling agents, gliding agents (for example, colloidal silicon dioxide), surfactants, osmotic agents, thinners or any other non-active ingredient, or combinations thereof. For example, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may include excipient materials selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, coloring agents, bleaches, preservatives and flavorings, triacetin, magnesium stearate, steroids, natural or artificial flavors, essential oils, plant extracts , fruit essences, gelatines or combinations thereof.
[0353] The excipient material of the pharmaceutical composition may optionally include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners or combinations thereof. Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds. In one particular embodiment, the additive functions as the bulk sweetener. Non-limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dry invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (eg, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose and mixtures thereof. In particular embodiments, the bulk sweetener is present in the pharmaceutical composition in quantities over a wide range depending on the degree of sweetness desired. Adequate amounts of both sweeteners would be immediately discernible by those skilled in the art. Edible Gel Blends and Edible Gel Compositions
[0354] In one embodiment, an edible gel or edible gel mixture comprises Reb X. In another embodiment, an edible gel or edible gel mixture comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X. Edible gel or edible gel mixes can optionally include additives, functional ingredients or combinations thereof.
[0355] Edible gels are gels that can be consumed. A gel is a colloidal system in which a network of particles covers the volume of a liquid medium. Although gels are composed mainly of liquids and therefore exhibit liquid-like densities, gels have the structural consistency of solids due to the particle network that encompasses the liquid medium. For this reason, gels generally appear to be solid materials similar to jelly. Gels can be used in numerous applications. For example, gels can be used in food, paints and adhesives.
[0356] Non-limiting examples of edible gel compositions for use in particular embodiments include gel desserts, puddings, jellies, pastes, pies, gelatinous mousses, marshmallows, jelly beans or the like. Edible gel mixes are generally powdered or granulated solids to which a fluid can be added to form an edible gel composition. Non-limiting examples of fluids for use in particular embodiments include water, milk fluids, milk analog fluids, juices, alcohol, alcoholic beverages and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of dairy fluids that can be used in particular embodiments include milk, fermented milk, cream, fluid serum and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of dairy analog fluids that can be used in particular embodiments include, for example, soy milk and non-dairy coffee bleach. Since the edible gel products found on the market are usually sweetened with sucrose, it is desirable to sweeten edible gels with an alternative sweetener to provide a low calorie or no calorie alternative.
[0357] As used herein, the term "gelling ingredient" denotes any material that can form a colloidal system within a liquid medium. Non-limiting examples of gelling ingredients for use in particular embodiments include gelatin, alginate, carrageenan, gum, pectin, coniac, agar, food acid, renin, starch, starch derivatives and combinations thereof. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the amount of gelling ingredient used in an edible gel mixture or an edible gel composition varies considerably depending on numerous factors, such as the particular gelling ingredient used, the fluid base in particular used and the desired properties of the gel.
[0358] It is well known to those skilled in the art that mixtures of edible gel and edible gels can be prepared by the use of ingredients other than Reb X or the sweetener composition comprising Reb X and the gelling agent. Non-limiting examples of other ingredients for use in particular embodiments include a food acid, a salt of a food acid, a buffering system, a bulking agent, a scavenger, a cross-linking agent, one or more flavorings, one or more dyes and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of food acids for use in particular embodiments include citric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of salts of food acids for use in particular embodiments include sodium salts of food acids, potassium salts of food acids and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of bulking agents for use in particular embodiments include raftilose, isomalt, sorbitol, polydextrose, maltodextrin and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of hijackers for use in particular embodiments include ethylene disodium and calcium tetraacetate, delta-lactone glucon, sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of cross-linking agents for use in particular embodiments include calcium ions, magnesium ions, sodium ions and combinations thereof. Dental compositions
[0359] In one embodiment, a dental composition comprises Reb X. In another embodiment, a dental composition comprises a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X. Dental compositions generally comprise an active dental substance and a base material. Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X can be used as the base material to sweeten the dental composition. The dental composition can be in the form of any oral composition used in the oral cavity, such as mouth freshening agents, gargling agents, mouthwashing agents, toothpaste, teeth polishing, toothpaste, mouth sprays, tooth whitening agent, floss and the like, for example.
[0360] As used herein, "active dental substance" means any composition that can be used to improve the aesthetic appearance and / or health of the tooth or gums or to prevent tooth decay. As used herein, "base material" refers to any inactive substance used as a vehicle for an active dental substance, such as any material to facilitate handling, stability, dispersibility, wettability, foaming and / or kinetics of release of an active dental substance.
[0361] Active dental substances suitable for the embodiments of this invention include, but are not limited to, substances that remove dental plaque, remove food from the tooth, assist in the elimination and / or masking of halitosis, prevent caries and prevent gum disease. Examples of active dental substances suitable for the embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, anti-caries, fluoride, sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, tin fluoride, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide (i.e. urea), antibacterial agents, plaque removal agents, stain removers, anti-calculating agents, abrasives, sodium bicarbonate, percarbonates, alkali or alkaline earth metal perborates or substances of a similar type or combinations thereof. Such components are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and / or are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
[0362] According to particular embodiments of the invention, the active dental substance is present in the dental composition in an amount in the range of about 50 ppm to about 3,000 ppm of the dental composition. In general, the active dental substance is present in the dental composition in an effective amount to at least improve the aesthetic appearance and / or health of the tooth or gums marginally or prevent dental caries. For example, a dental composition that comprises a toothpaste may include an active dental substance that comprises fluoride in an amount of about 850 to 1,150 ppm.
[0363] The dental composition may also comprise other base materials in addition to Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X. Examples of suitable base materials for those of this invention include, but are not limited to, water, sodium lauryl sulfate or other sulphates, humectants, enzymes, vitamins, herbs, calcium, flavorings (for example, mint, gum, cinnamon, lemon or orange), surfactants, binders, preservatives, gelling agents, pH modifiers, peroxide activators, stabilizers, coloring agents or similar type materials and combinations thereof.
[0364] The base material of the dental composition can optionally include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners or combinations thereof. Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds. Non-limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dry invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (eg, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose and mixtures thereof. In general, the amount of bulk sweetener present in the dental composition varies widely, depending on the particular embodiment of the dental composition and the degree of sweetness desired. Those skilled in the art will immediately assess the appropriate amount of bulk sweetener. In particular embodiments, the bulk sweetener is present in the dental composition in an amount in the range of about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of the dental composition.
[0365] According to particular embodiments of the invention, the base material is present in the dental composition in an amount in the range of about 20 to about 99 weight percent of the dental composition. In general, the base material is present in an amount effective to provide a vehicle for an active dental substance.
[0366] In a particular embodiment, a dental composition comprises Reb X and an active dental substance. In another particular embodiment, a dental composition comprises a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X and an active dental substance. In general, the amount of the sweetener varies widely depending on the nature of the particular dental composition and the degree of sweetness desired. Those skilled in the art will be able to discern the appropriate amount of sweetener for such a dental composition. In one particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the dental composition in an amount in the range of about 1 to about 5,000 ppm of the dental composition and at least one of the additive is present in the dental composition in an amount in the range of about 0 , 1 to about 100,000 ppm of the dental composition.
[0367] Foodstuffs include, but are not limited to, confectionery, condiments, chewing gum, cereal, baked goods and dairy products. Confectionery
[0368] In one embodiment, a confectionery comprises Reb X. In another embodiment, a confectionery comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X.
[0369] As used herein, "confectionery" can mean a sweet, a lollipop, a confectionery product or similar term. The confection generally contains a base composition component and a sweetener component. Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X can serve as the sweetener component. The confectionery can be in the form of any food that is normally picked up because it is high in sugar or that is typically sweet. According to particular embodiments of the present invention, the confectionery can be bakery products, such as pastries; desserts, such as yogurt, jellies, drinking jellies, puddings, Bavarian cream, white delicacy, cakes, brownies, mousse and the like, sweetened food products digested on the tea break or after meals; frozen food; cold confectionery, for example, types of ice cream, such as ice cream, iced milk, lacto-ice and the like (food products in which sweeteners and various other types of raw materials are added to milk products and the resulting mixture is stirred and frozen) and frozen confectionery, such as ice cream, frozen desserts and the like (food products in which various other types of raw materials are added to a sugary liquid and the resulting mixture is stirred and frozen); confectionery in general, for example, baked confectionery or steamed confectionery, such as cracker cookies, biscuits, sweet breads filled with caramel, halva, alfajor and the like; rice cakes and snacks; table products; sugar confectionery in general, such as chewing gum (for example, which include compositions comprising a chewable gum base substantially insoluble in water, such as gum or substitutes thereof, which include jetulong, guttakay rubber or certain edible natural synthetic resins or waxes ), hard candies, soft candies, mints, nougat bonbons, chewing candies, chocolate syrup, caramel candies, caramel, swiss milk tablets, licorice candies, chocolates, jelly candies, marshmallow, marzipan, sigh, cotton candy and the like; sauces, including fruit-flavored sauces, chocolate sauces and the like; edible gels; creams that include butters, flour pastes, whipped cream and the like; jellies, including strawberry jam, marmalade and the like; and breads, including sweet rolls and the like or other starch products and combinations thereof.
[0370] As used herein, "base composition" means any composition that can be a food item and provides a matrix to transport the sweetener component.
[0371] Base compositions suitable for the embodiments of this invention may include flour, yeast, water, salt, butter, eggs, milk, powdered milk, liquor, gelatin, nuts, chocolate, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, natural flavors , artificial flavors, colors, polyols, sorbitol, isomalt, maltitol, lactitol, malic acid, magnesium stearate, lecithin, hydrogenated glucose syrup, glycerin, natural or synthetic gum, starch and the like and combinations thereof. Such components are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and / or are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). According to particular embodiments of the invention, the base composition is present in the confection in an amount in the range of about 0.1 to about 99 weight percent of the confection. In general, the base composition is present in the confection in an amount in combination with Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X to provide a food product.
[0372] The basic composition of the confection can optionally include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners or combinations thereof. Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds. Non-limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dry invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (eg, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose and mixtures thereof. In general, the amount of bulk sweetener present in the confection varies widely depending on the particular embodiment of the confection and the degree of sweetness desired. Those skilled in the art will immediately assess the appropriate amount of bulk sweetener.
[0373] In a particular embodiment, a confectionery comprises Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and a base composition. In general, the amount of Reb X in the confection varies widely depending on the particular embodiment of the confection and the degree of sweetness desired. Those skilled in the art will immediately assess an appropriate amount of sweetener. In one particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the confection in an amount in the range of about 30 ppm to about 6,000 ppm of the confection. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in the confection in an amount in the range of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm of the confection. In embodiments where the confection comprises hard candy, Reb X is present in an amount in the range of about 150 ppm to about 2,250 ppm of the hard candy. Condiment compositions
[0374] In one embodiment, a condiment comprises Reb X. In another embodiment, a condiment comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X. Condiments, as used herein, are compositions used to enhance or improve the taste of a food or drink. Non-limiting examples of condiments include ketchup (tomato extract); mustard; barbecue sauce; butter; chili sauce; chutney; cocktail sauce; curry; folders; fish sauce; strong root; hot sauce; jellies, jellies, marmalades or preserves; Mayo; peanut butter; relish; remoulade; salad dressings (for example, oil and vinegar, Caesar, French, ranch, bleu cheese, Russian, Thousand Island, Italian and balsamic vinaigrette), parsley; Sauerkraut; soy sauce; barbecue sauce; syrups; tartar sauce; and Worcestershire sauce.
[0375] Condiment bases comprise, in general, a mixture of different ingredients, whose non-limiting examples include vehicles (for example, water and vinegar); spices or seasonings (for example, salt, pepper, garlic, mustard seed, onion, paprika, turmeric and combinations thereof); fruits, vegetables or their products (for example, tomatoes or tomato-based products (paste, puree), fruit juices, fruit juice peels and combinations thereof); oil or oil emulsions, particularly vegetable oils; thickeners (for example, xanthan gum, food starch, other hydrocolloids and combinations thereof); and emulsifying agents (eg egg yolk solids, protein, gum arabic, locust bean gum, guar gum, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, carrageenan, pectin, propylene glycol, alginic acid esters, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polysorbates and combinations of the themselves). Condiment base recipes and methods for making condiment bases are well known to those skilled in the art.
[0376] In general, condiments also include caloric sweeteners, such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, molasses, honey or brown sugar. In exemplary embodiments of the condiments provided in this document, Reb X or sweetener compositions comprising Reb X are used instead of traditional caloric sweeteners. Accordingly, a desirable flavoring composition comprises Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and a base flavoring.
[0377] The flavoring composition can optionally include other natural and / or synthetic high potency sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, pH modifying agents (eg, lactic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and combinations thereof), fillers, functional agents (for example, pharmaceutical agents, nutrients or components of a food or plant), flavorings, dyes or combinations thereof. Chewing Gum Compositions
[0378] In one embodiment, a chewing gum composition comprises Reb X. In another embodiment, a chewing gum composition comprises a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X. Chewing gum compositions generally comprise a portion water-soluble and a water-insoluble chewable gum base portion. The water-soluble portion, which normally includes the sweetener or sweetener composition, dissipates with a portion of the flavoring agent over a period of time during chewing, while the insoluble gum base portion is retained in the mouth. The insoluble gum base generally determines whether a gum is considered chewing gum, gum or a functional gum.
[0379] The insoluble gum base that is generally present in the chewing gum composition in an amount in the range of about 15 to about 35 weight percent of the chewing gum composition generally comprises elastomer combinations , softeners (plasticizers), emulsifiers, resins and fillers. Such components are generally considered food-grade, recognized as safe (GRA) and / or are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
[0380] Elastomers, the primary component of the gum base, provide the elastic cohesive nature for gums and may include one or more natural rubbers (for example, smoked latex, liquid latex or guayule); natural gums (for example, jetulong, Perillo, rowan, maçaranduba balata, maçaranduba chocolate, loquat, rosindinha, chicle and gutta hang kang); or synthetic elastomers (for example, butadiene-styrene copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene and polymeric vinyl elastomers). In a particular embodiment, the elastomer is present in the gum base in an amount ranging from about 3 to about 50 weight percent of the gum base.
[0381] Resins are used to vary the firmness of the gum base and assist in softening the elastomer component of the gum base. Non-limiting examples of suitable resins include a rosin ester, a terpene resin (for example, a α-pinene terpene resin, (β-pinene and / or d-limonene), polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, acetate ethylene vinyl and vinyl acetate-vinyl laurate copolymers Non-limiting examples of rosin ester include a glycerol ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin, a glycerol ester of a polymerized rosin, a glycerol ester of a partially dimerized rosin, a rosin glycerol ester, a pentaerythritol ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin, a rosin methyl ester or a methyl ester of a partially hydrogenated rosin In a particular embodiment, the resin is present in the gum base in an amount in the range from about 5 to about 75 weight percent of the gum base.
[0382] Softeners, which are also known as plasticizers, are used to modify the ease of chewing and / or mouthfeel of the chewing gum composition. In general, softeners include oils, fats, waxes and emulsifiers. Non-limiting examples of oils and fats include tallow, hydrogenated tallow, large, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (eg soybean, canola, cotton, sunflower, palm, coconut, corn, turmeric or palm seed oils), cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, glycerol abietate, lecithin, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, acetylated monoglycerides and free fatty acids. Non-limiting examples of waxes include polypropylene / polyethylene / Fisher-Tropsch waxes, paraffin and microcrystalline and natural waxes (for example, candelilla, beeswax and carnauba). Microcrystalline waxes, specifically those with a high degree of crystallinity and a high melting point, can also be considered as embedding agents or texture modifiers. In a particular embodiment, softeners are present in the gum base in an amount ranging from about 0.5 to about 25 weight percent of the gum base.
[0383] Emulsifiers are used to form a uniform dispersion of the insoluble and soluble phases of the chewing gum composition and also have plasticizing properties. Suitable emulsifiers include glycerol monostearate (GMS), lecithin (phosphatidyl choline), polymycinoleic polyglycerol acid (PPGR), fatty acid mono and diglycerides, glycerol distearate, triacetin, acetylated monoglyceride, glycerol triacetate and glycerol stearate. In a particular embodiment, the emulsifiers are present in the gum base in an amount in the range of about 2 to about 30 weight percent of the gum base.
[0384] The chewing gum composition may also comprise adjuvants or fillers either on the gum base and / or in the soluble portion of the chewing gum composition. Suitable adjuvants and fillers include lecithin, inulin, polydextrin, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium silicate, terrestrial limestone, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, talc, clay, alumina, titanium dioxide and calcium phosphate. In particular embodiments, lecithin can be used as an inert filler to decrease the viscosity of the chewing gum composition. In other particular embodiments, copolymers of lactic acid, proteins (e.g., gluten and / or zein) and / or guar can be used to create a gum that is more readily biodegradable. Adjuvants or fillers are generally present in the gum base in an amount of up to about 20 weight percent of the gum base. Other optional ingredients include coloring agents, bleaches, preservatives and flavors.
[0385] In particular embodiments of the chewing gum composition, the gum base comprises about 5 to about 95 weight percent of the chewing gum composition, most desirable about 15 to about 50 percent in weight. weight of the chewing gum composition is even more desirable from about 20 to about 30 percent by weight of the chewing gum composition.
[0386] The soluble portion of the chewing gum composition may optionally include other artificial or natural sweeteners, bulk sweeteners, softeners, emulsifiers, flavoring agents, coloring agents, adjuvants, fillers, functional agents (for example, pharmaceutical agents or nutrients) or combinations thereof. Suitable examples of softeners and emulsifiers are described above.
[0387] Bulk sweeteners include both caloric and non-caloric compounds. Non-limiting examples of bulk sweeteners include sucrose, dextrose, maltose, dextrin, dry invert sugar, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, levulose, galactose, corn syrup solids, tagatose, polyols (eg, sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol, erythritol and maltitol), hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, isomalt, trehalose and mixtures thereof. In particular embodiments, the bulk sweetener is present in the chewing gum composition in an amount in the range of about 1 to about 75 weight percent of the chewing gum composition.
[0388] Flavoring agents can be used both in the insoluble gum base and in the soluble portion of the chewing gum composition. Such flavoring agents can be natural or artificial flavors. In a particular embodiment, the flavoring agent comprises an essential oil, such as an oil derived from a plant or fruit, mint oil, green mint oil, other mint oils, clove oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen , bay leaf, thyme, cedar leaf, nutmeg, English pepper, sage, mace and almonds. In another particular embodiment, the flavoring agent comprises a vegetable extract or a fruit essence, such as apple, banana, watermelon, pear, peach, grape, strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot and mixtures thereof. In yet another particular embodiment, the flavoring agent comprises a citrus flavor, such as an extract, essence or oil of lemon, lime, orange, mandarin, grapefruit, cider or kumquat.
[0389] In a particular embodiment, a chewing gum composition comprises or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and a gum base. In one particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the chewing gum composition in an amount in the range of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm of the chewing gum composition. Cereal compositions
[0390] In one embodiment, a cereal composition comprises Reb X. In another embodiment, the cereal composition comprises a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X. Cereal compositions are typically ingested either as a food base or as an aperitif. Non-limiting examples of cereal compositions for use in particular embodiments include ready-to-eat cereals, as well as hot cereals. Ready-to-eat cereals are cereals that can be eaten without further processing (ie cooking) by the consumer. Examples of ready-to-eat cereals include breakfast cereals and snack bars. Breakfast cereals are usually processed to produce a crushed, flaky, swollen or extruded form. Breakfast cereals are generally eaten cold and are often mixed with milk and / or fruit. Snack bars include, for example, energy bars, rice cakes, granola bars and nutritional bars. Hot cereals are usually cooked, usually in both milk and water, before being eaten. Non-limiting examples of hot cereals include hominy, porridge, polenta, rice and oat flakes.
[0391] Cereal compositions generally comprise at least one cereal ingredient. As used herein, the term "cereal ingredient" denotes materials such as whole or part grains, whole or part seeds or whole or part grass. Non-limiting examples of cereal ingredients for use in the particular embodiments include corn, wheat, rice, barley, wheat bran, wheat bran endosperm, wheat, sorghum, millet, oats, rye, triticale, buckwheat, fonio, quinoa, beans , soy bean, amaranth, teff, spelled and kaniwa.
[0392] In a particular embodiment, the cereal composition comprises Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and at least one cereal ingredient. Reb X or the sweetener composition comprising Reb X can be added to the cereal composition in a variety of ways, such as, for example, as a coating, as a topping, as a cake coating or as a matrix combination (i.e. is added as an ingredient to the cereal formula prior to the preparation of the final cereal product).
[0393] Consequently, in a particular embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X is added to the cereal composition as a matrix combination. In one embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X is combined with a hot cereal before cooking to provide a sweetened hot cereal product. In another embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener comprising Reb X is combined with the cereal matrix before the cereal is extruded.
[0394] In another particular embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X is added to the cereal composition as a coating, such as, for example, by combining Reb X or a sweetener comprising Reb X with an oil of food grade and application of the mixture on the cereal. In a different embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and food grade oil can be applied to the cereal separately by applying either the oil or the sweetener first. Non-limiting examples of food-grade oils for use in particular embodiments include vegetable oils, such as corn oil, soybean oil, cotton oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, canola oil, olive oil, seed oil sesame oil, palm oil, palm seed oil and mixtures thereof. In yet another embodiment, food-grade fats can be used in place of oils, as long as the fat is melted before the fat is applied to the cereal.
[0395] In another embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X is added to the cereal composition as a cake coating. Non-limiting examples of cake coating agents for use in the particular embodiments include corn syrup, honey syrups and honey syrup solids, maple syrups and maple syrup solids, sucrose, isomalt, polydextrose, polyols, starch hydrosylate hydrogenated, aqueous solutions thereof and mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X is added as a cake coating by combining with a cake coating agent and a food grade oil or fat and applying the mixture to the cereal. In yet another embodiment, a gum system, such as, for example, acacia gum, carboxymethylcellulose or algin, can be added to the cake coating to provide structural support. In addition, the cake coating may also include a coloring agent and may also include a flavor.
[0396] In another embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X is added to the cereal composition as a topping. In such an embodiment, Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X is combined with water and a topping agent and then applied to the cereal. Non-limiting examples of covering agents for use in the particular embodiments include maltodextrin, sucrose, starch, polyols and mixtures thereof. The coating can also include a food grade oil, a food grade fat, a coloring agent and / or a flavor.
[0397] In general, the amount of Reb X in a cereal composition varies widely, depending on the particular type of cereal composition and its desired sweetness. Those skilled in the art can immediately discern the appropriate amount of sweetener to be added to the cereal composition. In a particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the cereal composition in an amount in the range of about 0.02 to about 1.5 weight percent of the cereal composition and at least one of the additive is present in the cereal composition in an amount in the range of about 1 to about 5 weight percent of the cereal composition. Roasts
[0398] In one embodiment, a roast comprises Reb X. In another embodiment, a roast comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X. Roasts, as used herein, include ready-to-eat and ready-to-bake products, flours and mixtures that require preparation before serving. Non-limiting examples of baked goods include cakes, cracker cookies, crackers, brownies, brioche, bread rolls, bagels, bagels, apple strudels, confectionery, croissants, cookies, bread, baked goods and sweet rolls.
[0399] Preferred baked goods according to embodiments of this invention can be classified into three groups: bread-type doughs (for example, white breads, assorted breads, soft sweet breads, hard rolls, bagels, pizza dough and flour tortillas), sweet dough (for example, Danish cakes, croissants, cracker cookies, fluffy dough, pie crust, cookies and crackers) and cake dough (for example, cakes such as sponge cake, English, dark chocolate, cheese and layered cake, donuts or other cakes made with yeast, brownies and brioches). Flour doughs are generally characterized as being based on flour, since cake doughs are more water based.
[0400] Roasts, according to the particular embodiments of this invention, generally comprise a combination of sweetener, water and fat. Roasts made according to many embodiments of this invention also contain flour to make a dough or cake dough. The term "dough", as used in this document, is a mixture of flour and other ingredients hard enough to massage or roll. The term "cake dough", as used in this document, consists of flour, liquids, such as milk or water, and other ingredients and is thin enough to spill or fall from a spoon. Desirably, according to particular embodiments of the invention, the flour is present in the roasts in an amount in the range of about 15 to about 60% on a dry weight basis, most desirable from about 23 to about 48% on a dry weight basis.
[0401] The type of flour can be selected based on the desired product. Generally, the flour comprises a non-toxic edible flour, which is conventionally used in baked goods. According to particular embodiments, the flour can be a bleached baked flour, general purpose flour or unbleached flour. In other particular embodiments, flours that have been treated in other ways can also be used. For example, in particular embodiments, the flour can be enriched with additional vitamins, minerals or proteins. Non-limiting examples of flours suitable for use in the particular embodiments of the invention include wheat, cornmeal, whole grain, whole grain fractions (wheat, wheat bran and oat flakes) and combinations thereof. Starch or floury material can also be used as the flour in particular embodiments. Common food starches are generally derived from potatoes, corn, wheat, barley, oats, tapioca, arrowroot and sago. Modified starches and pregelatinized starches can also be used in particular embodiments of the invention.
[0402] The type of fat or oil used in the particular embodiments of the invention can comprise any fat, edible oil or combinations thereof which is suitable for roasting. Non-limiting examples of fats suitable for use in particular embodiments of the invention include vegetable oils, tallow, lard, marine oils and combinations thereof. According to particular embodiments, fats can be fractionated, partially hydrogenated and / or interesterified. In another particular embodiment, the fat desirably comprises reduced calorie or low calorie or non-digestible fats, fat substitutes or synthetic fats. In yet another particular embodiment, vegetable fats, fats or mixtures of rigid and soft fats can also be used. In particular embodiments, vegetable fats can be derived mainly from triglycerides derived from plant sources (for example, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, flaxseed oil, sesame oil, palm oil, seed oil) palm, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, corn oil, sunflower seed oil and mixtures thereof). Synthetic or natural fatty acid triglycerides having chain lengths of 8 to 24 carbon atoms can also be used in the particular embodiments. Desirably, according to particular embodiments of this invention, the fat is present in the roast in an amount in the range of about 2 to about 35% by weight on a dry basis, most desirable from about 3 to about 29% by weight on a dry basis.
[0403] Roasts, according to particular embodiments of this invention, also comprise water in sufficient quantities to provide the desired consistency, to allow proper formation, automation and cutting of the roast before or after cooking. The total moisture content of the roast includes any water added directly to the roast, as well as water present in separately added ingredients (for example, flour, which generally includes about 12 to about 14% by weight in moisture). Desirably, according to particular embodiments of this invention, water is present in the roast in an amount of up to about 25% by weight of the roast.
[0404] Roasts, according to particular embodiments of this invention, can also comprise a variety of additional conventional ingredients, such as fermenting agents, flavoring, coloring, milk, milk derivatives, egg, egg derivatives, cocoa, vanilla or other flavoring, as well as inclusions, such as nuts, raisins, cherries, apples, apricots, peaches, other fruits, orange peel, preservative, coconuts, spicy chips, such as chocolate chips, butter candy chips and caramel chips, and combinations thereof. In particular embodiments, the roasts may also comprise emulsifiers, such as lecithin and monoglycerides.
[0405] According to particular embodiments of this invention, fermentation agents can comprise chemical fermentation agents or yeast fermentation agents. Non-limiting examples of chemical fermentation agents suitable for use in the particular embodiments of this invention include sodium bicarbonate (for example, sodium, potassium or aluminum bicarbonate), baking acid (for example, aluminum sodium phosphate, calcium monophosphate or diphosphate calcium) and combinations thereof.
[0406] According to another particular embodiment of this invention, cocoa can comprise natural or "Dutch" chocolate from which a substantial portion of the cocoa fat or butter has been expressed or removed by extraction with solvent, pressure or other means. In a particular embodiment, it may be necessary to reduce the amount of fat in a roast comprising chocolate due to the additional fat present in cocoa butter. In particular embodiments, it may be necessary to add greater amounts of chocolate, compared to cocoa, to provide an equivalent amount of flavoring and coloring.
[0407] Roasts, in general, also comprise caloric sweeteners, such as sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, erythritol, molasses, honey or brown sugar. In exemplary embodiments of the roasts provided herein, the caloric sweetener is partially or completely replaced with Reb X or a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X. Consequently, in one embodiment, a roast comprises Reb X or a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X in combination with a fat, water and optionally flour. In a particular embodiment, the roast may optionally include other natural and / or synthetic high-strength sweeteners and / or bulk sweeteners. Dairy products
[0408] In one embodiment, a dairy comprises Reb X. In another embodiment, a dairy comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X. Dairy and dairy production processes suitable for use in this invention are well known to those skilled in the art. Dairy products, as used in this document, comprise milk or foodstuffs produced from milk. Non-limiting examples of dairy products suitable for use in the embodiments of this invention include milk, sour cream, sour cream, creme fraiche, pasteurized cream, powdered milk, condensed milk, evaporated milk, butter, cheese, cottage cheese, cheese creamy, yogurt, ice cream, frozen egg pudding, frozen yogurt, ice cream, egg cream, buttermilk, filmjolk, kaymak, kefir, viili, kumiss, airag, iced milk, casein, whey, lassi, khoa or combinations thereof .
[0409] Milk is a fluid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals for the nutrition of their young. The female ability to produce milk is one of the defining characteristics of mammals and provides the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they can digest more diverse foods. In particular embodiments of this invention, dairy products are derived from the raw milk of cows, goats, sheep, horses, donkeys, camels, buffalo, yaks, sheep, elk or humans.
[0410] In particular embodiments of this invention, processing of dairy products from raw milk generally comprises the steps of pasteurizing, skimming and homogenizing. Although raw milk can be consumed without pasteurization, it is normally pasteurized to destroy harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds and yeasts. Pasteurization generally involves heating the milk to a high temperature for a short period of time to substantially reduce the number of microorganisms, thereby reducing the risk of disease.
[0411] Denaturation usually occurs after the pasteurization step and involves separating the milk into a layer of cream with the highest fat and a layer of milk with the lowest fat. The milk will be separated into layers of milk and cream after remaining for twelve to twenty-four hours. The cream moves to the top of the milk layer and can be skimmed and used as a separate dairy. Alternatively, centrifuges can be used to separate the cream from the milk. The remaining milk is classified according to the fat content of the milk, non-limiting examples of which include whole milk, 2%, 1% and skimmed milk.
[0412] After removing the desired amount of fat from the milk through denaturation, the milk is often homogenized. Homogenization prevents the cream from separating from the milk and usually involves pumping the milk at high pressure through narrow tubes to break down fat globules in the milk. Pasteurization, denaturation and homogenization of milk are common, but are not necessary to produce consumable dairy products. Consequently, dairy products suitable for use in the embodiments of this invention may undergo no processing step, a single processing step or combinations of the processing steps described in this document. Dairy products suitable for use in the embodiments of this invention may also undergo additional processing steps or separate from the processing steps described in this document.
[0413] Particular embodiments of this invention comprise dairy products produced from milk by additional processing steps. As described above, the cream can be skimmed from the milk top or separated from the milk using automated centrifuges. In a particular embodiment, the dairy comprises sour cream, a fat-rich dairy that is obtained by fermenting cream using a bacterial culture. The bacteria produce lactic acid during fermentation, which tastes and thickens the cream. In another particular embodiment, the dairy comprises fraiche, a slightly sour heavy cream with bacterial culture similar to sour cream. Creme fraiche is usually not as thick or as sour as sour cream. In yet another particular embodiment, the dairy comprises pasteurized sour cream. Pasteurized sour cream is obtained by adding bacteria to the milk. The resulting fermentation, in which the bacterial culture transforms lactose into lactic acid, gives the pasteurized cream a sour taste. Although it is produced differently, pasteurized sour cream is generally similar to traditional sour cream, which is a by-product of butter making.
[0414] According to other particular embodiments of this invention, dairy products comprise powdered milk, condensed milk, evaporated milk or combinations thereof. Powdered milk, condensed milk and evaporated milk are generally produced by removing water from the milk. In a particular embodiment, the dairy comprises a powdered milk that comprises dry milk solids with a low moisture content. In another particular embodiment, the dairy comprises condensed milk. Condensed milk generally comprises milk with a reduced water content and added sweetener, which yields a thick, sweet product with a long shelf life. In yet another particular embodiment, the dairy comprises evaporated milk. Evaporated milk generally comprises fresh homogenized milk, from which about 60% of the water has been removed which has been cooled, fortified with additives, such as vitamins and stabilizers, packaged and finally sterilized. According to another particular embodiment of this invention, the dairy comprises a dry cream and Reb X or a sweetener composition of Reb X.
[0415] In another particular embodiment, the dairy product provided in this document comprises butter. Butter is generally made by stirring cream or fresh or fermented milk. Butter comprises, in general, milk fat that surrounds small droplets that mainly comprise water and milk proteins. The stirring process damages the membranes surrounding the microscopic globules of the milk fat, which allows milk fats to come together and separate from the other parts of the cream. In yet another particular embodiment, the dairy comprises sour cream, which is the sour-tasting liquid remaining after butter is produced from the fully creamy milk by the stirring process.
[0416] In yet another particular embodiment, the dairy comprises cheese, a solid foodstuff produced by curdling milk using a combination of renin or substitutes for renin and acidification. Renin, a natural enzyme complex produced in mammalian stomachs to digest milk, is used in the manufacture of cheese to curdle milk, causing it to separate into solids known as curds and liquids known as whey. In general, renin is obtained from the stomachs of young ruminants, such as calves; however, alternative sources of renin include some genetically modified plants, microbial organisms and bacteria, fungi or yeasts. In addition, milk can be coagulated by adding acid, such as citric acid. In general, a combination of renin and / or acidification is used to curdle the milk. After separating milk into curds and whey, some cheeses are made simply by draining, salinizing and packaging the curds. For most cheeses, however, more processing is required. Many different methods can be used to produce the hundreds of varieties of cheese available. Processing methods include heating the cheese, cutting it into small cubes for drainage, salinization, stretching, cheddarization, washing, molding, aging and ripening. Some cheeses, such as blue cheeses, have additional bacteria or molds introduced to them before or during aging, which add flavor and aroma to the finished product. Cottage cheese is a curdled cheese product with a mild flavor that drains, but is not pressed, so that part of the whey remains. The curd is usually washed to remove acidity. Creamy cheese is a white cheese with a smooth, soft taste, with a high fat content, which is produced by adding cream to the milk and then curdling to form a rich curd. Alternatively, creamy cheese can be made from skimmed milk with cream added to the curds. It should be understood that cheese, as used in this document, comprises all solid foodstuffs produced by milk curd.
[0417] In another particular embodiment of this invention, the dairy comprises yogurt. Yogurt is usually produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. Lactose fermentation produces lactic acid, which acts on proteins in milk to give yogurt a gel-like texture and bitterness. In particularly desirable embodiments, the yogurt can be sweetened with a sweetener and / or seasoned. Non-limiting examples of flavorings include, but are not limited to, fruits (eg, peach, strawberry, banana), vanilla and chocolate. Yogurt, as used in this document, also includes varieties of yogurt with different consistencies and viscosities, such as dahi, dadih or dadiah, labneh or labaneh, Bulgarian, kefir and matsoni. In another particular embodiment, the dairy comprises a yogurt-based drink also known as drinking yogurt or a yogurt smoothie. In particularly desirable embodiments, the yogurt-based beverage may comprise sweeteners, flavorings, other ingredients or combinations thereof.
[0418] Dairy other than those described in this document can be used in particular embodiments of this invention. Such dairy products are well known to those skilled in the art, non-limiting examples of which include milk, milk and juice, coffee, tea, egg cream, buttermilk, filmjolk, kajmak, kephir, viili, kumiss, airag, iced milk, casein, whey of milk, lassi and khoa.
[0419] According to particular embodiments of this invention, dairy compositions can also comprise other additives. Non-limiting examples of suitable additives include sweeteners and flavorings, such as chocolate, strawberries and bananas. Particular embodiments of the dairy compositions provided herein may also comprise additional nutritional supplements, such as vitamins (for example, vitamin D) and minerals (for example, calcium) to improve the nutritional composition of milk.
[0420] In a particularly desirable embodiment, the dairy composition comprises Reb X or a sweetener composition comprising Reb X in combination with a dairy. In a particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the milk composition in an amount in the range of about 200 to about 20,000 weight percent of the milk composition.
[0421] Reb X or sweetener compositions comprising Reb X are also suitable for use in processed agricultural products, products of animal origin or marine foods; processed meat products, such as sausage and the like; retort food products, pickles, preserves boiled in soy sauce, delicacies, auxiliary dishes; soups; appetizers, such as potato chips, crackers or the like; as crushed cargo, leaf, stem, stem, cured homogenized leaf and animal food. Table sweetener compositions
[0422] Table sweetener compositions containing Reb X are also contemplated in this document. The table composition may additionally include at least one bulking agent, additive, anti-cake agent, functional ingredient or combinations thereof.
[0423] Suitable "bulking agents" include, but are not limited to, maltodextrin (10 DE, 18 DE or 5 DE), corn syrup solids (20 or 36 DE), sucrose, fructose, glucose, invert sugar, sorbitol , xylose, ribulose, mannose, xylitol, mannitol, galactitol, erythritol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt, maltose, tagatose, lactose, inulin, glycerol, propylene glycol, polyols, polydextrose, fructooligosaccharides, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, and the like and mixtures thereof. In addition, according to still other embodiments of the invention, granulated sugar (sucrose) or other caloric sweeteners, such as crystalline fructose, other carbohydrates or sugar alcohol can be used as a bulking agent due to its supply of good uniformity content without the adding significant calories.
[0424] As used in this document, the phrases "anti-cake forming agent" and "flow agent" refer to any composition that assists in uniform content and uniform dissolution. According to particular embodiments, non-limiting examples of anti-cake agents include cream of tartar, calcium silicate, silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel, FMC BioPolymer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and calcium triphosphate. In one embodiment, the anti-cake agents are present in the functional table sweetener composition in an amount of about 0.001 to about 3% by weight of the functional table sweetener composition.
[0425] Table sweetener compositions can be packaged in any manner known in the art. Non-limiting forms include, but are not limited to, powdered form, granular form, packages, tablets, sachets, lozenges, cubes, solids and liquids.
[0426] In one embodiment, the table sweetener composition is a single use package (portion control) package that comprises a dry mix. Dry mix formulas can generally comprise powder or granules. Although the table sweetener composition can be in a package of any size, an illustrative non-limiting example of conventional portion control of table sweetener packages is approximately 6.35 by 3.81 centimeters (2.5 by 1, 5 inches) and retain approximately 1 gram of a sweetener composition that has a sweetness equivalent to 2 teaspoons of granulated sugar (approximately 8 g). The amount of Reb X in a dry mix table sweetener formula can vary. In a particular embodiment, a dry mix table sweetener formula can contain Reb X in an amount of about 1% (w / w) to about 10% (w / w) of the table sweetener composition.
[0427] Embodiments of solid table sweeteners include cubes and tablets. A non-limiting example of conventional cubes is equivalent in size to a standard granulated sugar cube that is approximately 2.2 x 2.2 x 2.2 cm3 and weighs approximately 8 g. In one embodiment, a solid table sweetener is in the form of a tablet or any other form known to those skilled in the art.
[0428] A table-top sweetener composition can also be incorporated in the form of a liquid in which Reb X is combined with a liquid carrier. Suitable non-limiting examples of carrier agents for liquid table functional sweeteners include water, alcohol, polyol, glycerin base or citric acid base dissolved in water and mixtures thereof. The equivalent sweetness of a table sweetener composition for any of the forms described in this document or known in the art can be varied to obtain a desired sweetness profile. For example, a table sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness comparable to that of an equivalent amount of standard sugar. In another embodiment, the table sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness up to 100 times that of an equivalent amount of sugar. In another embodiment, the table sweetener composition may comprise a sweetness of up to 90 times, 80 times, 70 times, 60 times, 50 times, 40 times, 30 times, 20 times, 10 times, 9 times, 8 times, 7 times, 6 times, 5 times, 4 times, 3 times and 2 times that of an equivalent amount of sugar. Beverage and Beverage Products
[0429] In one embodiment, the sweetened composition is a beverage product. As used herein, a "beverage product" is a ready-to-drink beverage, a concentrated beverage, a beverage syrup or a powdered beverage. Suitable ready-to-drink drinks include carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. Fizzy drinks include, but are not limited to, improved fizzy drinks, cola, lemon-flavored carbonated drink, orange-flavored carbonated drink, grape-flavored carbonated drink, carbonated-flavored carbonated drink strawberry, pineapple flavored fizzy drink, ginger beer, soft drinks and black beer. Non-carbonated drinks include, but are not limited to, fruit juice, fruit-flavored juice, juice drinks, nectars, vegetable juice, vegetable-flavored juice, sports drinks, energy drinks, improved water drinks, improved water with vitamins, drinks close to water (for example, water with natural or synthetic flavorings), coconut water, tea-type drinks (for example, black tea, green tea, red tea, oolong tea), coffee, cocoa drink, beverage containing milk components (e.g. milk drinks, coffee containing milk components, coffee with milk, milk tea, fruit milk drinks), drinks containing cereal extracts, smoothies and combinations thereof.
[0430] Drink concentrates and drink syrups are prepared with an initial volume of liquid matrix (eg water) and the desired beverage ingredients. High-intensity drinks are then prepared by adding additional volumes of water. Powdered drinks are prepared by dry mixing all the beverage ingredients in the absence of a liquid matrix. High-intensity drinks are then prepared by adding the total volume of water.
[0431] Drinks comprise a liquid matrix, that is, the basic ingredient in which the ingredients - including the sweetener or sweetener compositions - are dissolved. In one embodiment, a beverage comprises drinking water quality as the liquid matrix, such as, for example, deionized water, distilled water, reverse osmosis water, coal treated water, purified water, demineralized water and combinations thereof. used. Additional suitable liquid matrices include, but are not limited to, phosphoric acid, phosphate buffer, citric acid, citrate buffer and charcoal treated water.
[0432] In one embodiment, a drink contains Reb X as the only sweetener.
[0433] In another embodiment, a drink contains a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X. Any sweetener composition that comprises Reb X detailed herein can be used in drinks.
[0434] In another embodiment, a method of preparing a drink comprises combining a liquid matrix and Reb X. The method may further comprise the addition of one or more sweeteners, additives and / or functional ingredients.
[0435] In yet another embodiment, a method of preparing a drink comprises combining a liquid matrix and a sweetener composition comprising Reb X.
[0436] In one embodiment, a drink contains Reb X in an amount in the range of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as, for example, about 25 ppm to about 800 ppm. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in a beverage in an amount in the range of about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm. In yet other embodiments, Reb X is present in a beverage in an amount in the range of about 100 to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, or from about 100 ppm to about 500 ppm. In yet another embodiment, Reb X is present in a beverage in an amount in the range of about 300 to about 700 ppm, such as, for example, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm. In a particular embodiment, Reb X is present in a drink in an amount of about 500 ppm.
[0437] In another embodiment, a drink contains a sweetener composition containing Reb X, where Reb X is present in the drink in an amount in the range of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as, for example, about 25 ppm to about 800 ppm. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage in an amount ranging from about 100 ppm to about 600 ppm. In yet other embodiments, Reb X is present in the beverage in an amount ranging from about 100 to about 200 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, from about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm or about from 100 ppm to about 500 ppm. In yet another embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage in an amount in the range of about 300 to about 700 ppm, such as, for example, from about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm. In a particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage in an amount of about 500 ppm.
[0438] The drink may also include at least one additional sweetener. Any of the sweeteners detailed in this document can be used, including natural, unnatural or synthetic sweeteners.
[0439] In one embodiment, carbohydrate sweeteners can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 140,000 ppm. Synthetic sweeteners can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 0.3 ppm to about 3,500 ppm. High intensity natural sweeteners can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 0.1 ppm to about 3,000 ppm.
[0440] The drink may also include additives, which include, but are not limited to, carbohydrates, polyols, amino acids and corresponding salts thereof, poly-amino acids and corresponding salts thereof, sugar acids and corresponding salts thereof, nucleotides, organic acids, inorganic acids, organic salts including organic acid salts and organic based salts, inorganic salts, bitter compounds, caffeine, flavoring and flavoring ingredients, astringent compounds, proteins or protein hydrolysates, surfactants, emulsifiers, thickening agents, juice , dairy products, cereals and other plant extracts, flavonoids, alcohols, polymers and combinations thereof. Any additive described in this document can be used.
[0441] In one embodiment, the polyol may be present in the beverage at a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm, such as, for example, from about 5,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm.
[0442] In another embodiment, the amino acid can be present in the drink at a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm, such as, for example, from about 1,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, from about 2,500 ppm at about 5,000 ppm or from about 250 ppm to about 7,500 ppm.
[0443] In yet another embodiment, the nucleotide can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 5 ppm to about 1,000 ppm.
[0444] In yet another embodiment, the organic acid additive can be present in the beverage in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0445] In yet another embodiment, the inorganic acid additive can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm.
[0446] In yet another embodiment, the bitter compound can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm.
[0447] In yet another embodiment, the flavoring can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 0.1 ppm to about 4,000 ppm.
[0448] In yet another additional embodiment, the polymer can be present in the beverage in a concentration of about 30 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.
[0449] In another embodiment, the protein hydrolyzate can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 200 ppm to about 50,000.
[0450] In yet another embodiment, the surfactant additive can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 30 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.
[0451] In yet another embodiment, the flavonoid additive can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 0.1 ppm to about 1,000 ppm.
[0452] In yet another embodiment, the alcohol additive can be present in the beverage in a concentration of about 625 ppm to about 10,000 ppm.
[0453] In yet another additional embodiment, the astringent additive can be present in the beverage in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0454] The drink may also contain one or more functional ingredients detailed above. Functional ingredients include, but are not limited to, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, preservatives, glucosamine, polyphenols and combinations thereof. Any functional ingredient described in this document can be used.
[0455] It is contemplated that the pH of the sweetened composition, such as, for example, a drink, does not materially or adversely affect the taste of the sweetener. A non-limiting example of the pH range of the sweetening composition can be from about 1.8 to about 10. An additional example includes a pH range from about 2 to about 5. In a particular embodiment, the pH of the beverage it can be from about 2.5 to about 4.2. A person skilled in the art will understand that the pH of the beverage may vary based on the type of beverage. Dairy beverages, for example, can have pHs greater than 4.2.
[0456] The titratable acidity of a drink comprising Reb X can, for example, be in the range of about 0.01 to about 1.0% by weight of the drink.
[0457] In one embodiment, the carbonated beverage product has an acidity of about 0.01 to about 1.0% by weight of the beverage, such as, for example, from about 0.05% to about 0.25% by weight of beverage.
[0458] The gasification of a carbonated beverage product has from 0 to about 2% (w / w) of carbon dioxide or equivalent thereof, for example, from about 0.1 to about 1.0% (w / w).
[0459] The temperature of a drink comprising Reb X can, for example, be in the range of about 4 ° C to about 100 ° C, such as, for example, about 4 ° C to about 25 ° Ç.
[0460] The drink can be a total calorie drink that has up to about 120 calories per 0.22 kg (8 oz) serving.
[0461] The drink can be a medium-calorie drink that has up to about 60 calories per 0.22 kg (8 oz) serving.
[0462] The drink can be a low-calorie drink that has up to about 40 calories per 0.22 kg (8 oz) serving.
[0463] The drink can be a zero-calorie drink that has less than about 5 calories per 0.22 kg (8 oz).
[0464] In one embodiment, a drink comprises between about 200 ppm and about 500 ppm Reb X, where the liquid matrix of the drink is selected from the group consisting of water, acidified water, phosphoric acid, phosphate buffer, citric acid, citrate buffer, water treated with charcoal and combinations thereof. The pH of the drink can be from about 2.5 to about 4.2. The beverage may further include additives, such as, for example, erythritol. The beverage may also include functional ingredients, such as, for example, vitamins.
[0465] In particular embodiments, a drink comprises Reb X; a polyol selected from erythritol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol, glycerol, sorbitol and combinations thereof; and optionally at least one additional sweetener and / or functional ingredient. In a particular embodiment, the polyol is erythritol. In one embodiment, Reb X and the polyol are present in the drink in a weight ratio of about 1: 1 to about 1: 800, such as, for example, about 1: 4 to about 1: 800, from about 1:20 to about 1: 600, from about 1:50 to about 1: 300 or about 1:75 to about 1: 150. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in the drink in a concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as, for example, about 500 ppm. The polyol, such as, for example, erythritol, is present in the drink in a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 250,000 ppm, such as, for example, from about 5,000 ppm to about 40,000 ppm, from about 1,000 ppm to about 35,000 ppm.
[0466] In a particular embodiment, a beverage comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and erythritol as the sweetening component of the sweetener composition. In general, erythritol can comprise from about 0.1% to about 3.5% by weight of the sweetener component. Reb X can be present in the drink at a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm and erythritol can be from about 0.1% to about 3.5% by weight of the sweetener component. In a particular embodiment, the concentration of Reb X in the drink is about 300 ppm and erythritol is from 0.1% to about 3.5% by weight of the sweetener component. The pH of the beverage is preferably between about 2.5 to about 4.2.
[0467] In particular embodiments, a drink comprises Reb X; a carbohydrate sweetener selected from sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose and combinations thereof; and optionally at least one additional sweetener and / or functional ingredient. Reb X can be supplied as a pure compound or as part of a Stevia extract or steviol glycoside mixture as described above. Reb X can be present in an amount of about 5% to about 99% by weight on a dry basis either in a mixture of steviol glycoside or a Stevia extract. In one embodiment, Reb X and the carbohydrate are present in a sweetener composition in a weight ratio of about 0.001: 14 to about 1: 0.01, such as, for example, about 0.06: 6. In one embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage at a concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as, for example, about 500 ppm. Carbohydrate, such as, for example, sucrose, is present in the drink at a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 140,000 ppm, such as, for example, from about 1,000 ppm to about 100,000 ppm, from about 5,000 ppm to about 80,000 ppm.
[0468] In particular embodiments, a drink comprises Reb X; an amino acid selected from glycine, alanine, proline, taurine and combinations thereof; and optionally at least one additional sweetener and / or functional ingredient. In one embodiment, Reb X is present in the drink at a concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as, for example, about 500 ppm. The amino acid, such as, for example, glycine, can be present in the drink in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 50,000 ppm when present in a sweetened composition, such as, for example, from about 1,000 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, from about 2,500 ppm to about 5,000 ppm.
[0469] In particular embodiments, a drink comprises Reb X; a salt selected from sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, phosphate salts and combinations thereof; and optionally at least one additional sweetener and / or functional ingredient. In one embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage at a concentration of about 1 ppm to about 10,000 ppm, such as, for example, about 500 ppm. Inorganic salt, such as, for example, magnesium chloride, is present in the drink in a concentration of about 25 ppm to about 25,000 ppm, such as, for example, from about 100 ppm to about 4,000 ppm or about 100 ppm to about 3,000 ppm.
[0470] In another embodiment, a beverage comprises a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X and Reb B as the sweetener component of the sweetener composition. The relative weight percent of Reb X and Reb B can each vary from about 1% to about 99% when dry, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% Reb B, about 90% Reb X / 10% Reb B, about 85% Reb X / 15% Reb B, about 80% Reb X / 20% Reb B, about 75% Reb X / 25% Reb B, about 70% Reb X / 30% Reb B, about 65% Reb X / 35% Reb B, about 60% Reb X / 40% Reb B, about 55% Reb X / 45% Reb B, about 50% Reb X / 50% Reb B, about 45% Reb X / 55% Reb B, about 40% Reb X / 60% of Reb B, about 35% of Reb X / 65% of Reb B, about 30% of Reb X / 70% of Reb B, about 25% of Reb X / 75% of Reb B, about 20% Reb X / 80% Reb B, about 15% Reb X / 85% Reb B, about 10% Reb X / 90% Reb B or about 5% Reb X / 10% Reb B. In a particular embodiment, Reb B comprises from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 30% or about 1 5% to about 25%. In another particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, for example, from about 100 to about 400 ppm, and Reb B comprises from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the sweetener component. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm and Reb B is present in a concentration of about 10 to about 150 ppm. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 300 ppm and Reb B is present in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 100 ppm. The pH of the beverage is preferably between about 2.5 to about 4.2.
[0471] In another embodiment, a beverage comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and NSF-02 (available from PureCircle) as the sweetener component of the sweetener composition. The relative weight percent of Reb X and NSF-02 can vary each from about 1% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% NSF-02, about 90% Reb X / 10% NSF-02, about 85% Reb X / 15% NSF-02, about 80% Reb X / 20% NSF-02, about 75% Reb X / 25% NSF-02, about 70% Reb X / 30% NSF-02, about 65% Reb X / 35% NSF-02, about 60% Reb X / 40% NSF-02, about 55% Reb X / 45% NSF-02, about 50% Reb X / 50% NSF-02, about 45% Reb X / 55% NSF-02, about 40% Reb X / 60% NSF-02, about 35% Reb X / 65% NSF-02, about 30% Reb X / 70% NSF-02, about 25% Reb X / 75% NSF-02, about 20% Reb X / 80% NSF-02, about 15% Reb X / 85% NSF-02, about 10% Reb X / 90% NSF-02 or about 5% Reb X / 10% NSF-02. In one particular embodiment, NSF-02 comprises from about 5% to about 50% by weight of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 40% or about 20% to about 30%. In another particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the drink in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, such as, for example, from about 100 to about 400 ppm and NSF-02 comprises about 5% about 50% by weight of the sweetener component. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm and NSF-02 is present in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 300 ppm and NSF-02 is present in a concentration of about 25 ppm to about 100 ppm. The pH of the beverage is preferably between about 2.5 to about 4.2.
[0472] In yet another embodiment, a beverage comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X and mogroside V as the sweetener component of the sweetener composition. The relative weight percentage of Reb X and mogroside V can vary from about 1% to about 99% each, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% mogroside V, about 90% Reb X / 10% Mogroside V, about 85% Reb X / 15% Mogroside V, about 80% Reb X / 20% Mogroside V, about 75% Reb X / 25% mogroside V, about 70% Reb X / 30% mogroside V, about 65% Reb X / 35% mogroside V, about 60% Reb X / 40% mogroside V, about 55% of Reb X / 45% mogroside V, about 50% of Reb X / 50% mogroside V, about 45% of Reb X / 55% mogroside V, about 40% of Reb X / 60% mogroside V, about 35% Reb X / 65% Mogroside V, about 30% Reb X / 70% Mogroside V, about 25% Reb X / 75% Mogroside V, about 20% Reb X / 80% Mogroside V, about 15% Reb X / 85% Mogroside V, about 10% Reb X / 90% Mogroside V or about 5% Reb X / 10% Mogroside V. In a particular embodiment, mogroside V comprise ranges from about 5% to about 50% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 40% or about 20% to about 30%. In another particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the drink at a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, such as, for example, from about 100 to about 400 ppm and mogroside V comprises from about 5% about 50% by weight of the sweetener component. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm and Mogroside V is present in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 300 ppm and mogroside is present in a concentration of about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm. The pH of the beverage is preferably between about 2.5 to about 4.2.
[0473] In another embodiment, a beverage comprises a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X and Reb A as the sweetener components of the sweetener composition. The relative weight percent of Reb X and Reb A can each vary from about 1% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% Reb A, about 90% Reb X / 10% Reb A, about 85% Reb X / 15% Reb A, about 80% Reb X / 20% Reb A, about 75% Reb X / 25% of Reb A, about 70% of Reb X / 30% of Reb A, about 65% of Reb X / 35% of Reb A, about 60% of Reb X / 40% of Reb A, about 55% Reb X / 45% Reb A, about 50% Reb X / 50% Reb A, about 45% Reb X / 55% Reb A, about 40% Reb X / 60% Reb A, about 35% Reb X / 65% Reb A, about 30% Reb X / 70% Reb A, about 25% Reb X / 75% Reb A, about 20% Reb X / 80% Reb A, about 15% Reb X / 85% Reb A, about 10% Reb X / 90% Reb A or about 5% Reb X / 10% Reb A. In a particular embodiment, Reb A comprises from about 5% to about 40% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 30% or about 15% to about 25%. In another particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage at a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, such as, for example, from about 100 to about 400 ppm and Reb A comprises from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the sweetener component. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm and Reb A is present in a concentration of about 10 to about 500 ppm. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present at a concentration of about 300 ppm and Reb A is present at a concentration of about 100 ppm. The pH of the drink is preferably between about 2.5 and about 4.2.
[0474] In another embodiment, a beverage comprises a sweetener composition that comprises Reb X and Reb D as the sweetening component of the sweetener composition. The relative weight percent of Reb X and Reb D can each vary from about 1% to about 99%, such as, for example, about 95% Reb X / 5% Reb D, about 90% Reb X / 10% Reb D, about 85% Reb X / 15% Reb D, about 80% Reb X / 20% Reb D, about 75% Reb X / 25% of Reb D, about 70% of Reb X / 30% of Reb D, about 65% of Reb X / 35% of Reb D, about 60% of Reb X / 40% of Reb D, about 55% Reb X / 45% Reb D, about 50% Reb X / 50% Reb D, about 45% Reb X / 55% Reb D, about 40% Reb X / 60% Reb D, about 35% Reb X / 65% Reb D, about 30% Reb X / 70% Reb D, about 25% Reb X / 75% Reb D, about 20% Reb X / 80% Reb D, about 15% Reb X / 85% Reb D, about 10% Reb X / 90% Reb D or about 5% Reb X / 10% Reb D. In a particular embodiment, Reb D comprises from about 5% to about 40% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 30% or about 15% to about 25%. In another particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage at a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, such as, for example, from about 100 to about 400 ppm and Reb D comprises from about 5% to about 40% by weight of the sweetener component. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm and Reb D is present in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present at a concentration of about 300 ppm and Reb D is present at a concentration of about 100 ppm. The pH of the drink is preferably between about 2.5 and about 4.2.
[0475] In another embodiment, a beverage comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X, Reb A and Reb D as the sweetening component of the sweetener composition. The percentage by weight of Reb X, Reb A and Reb D can vary from about 1% to about 99% each. In a particular embodiment, Reb A and Reb D together comprise from about 5% to about 40% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 30% or about 15% to about 25%. In another particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the drink at a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, such as, for example, from about 100 to about 400 ppm and Reb A and Reb D together comprise about from 5% to about 40% by weight of the sweetener component. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, Reb A is present in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm and Reb D is present in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present at a concentration of about 200 ppm, Reb A is present at a concentration of about 100 ppm and Reb D is present at a concentration of about 100 ppm. The pH of the drink is preferably between about 2.5 and about 4.2.
[0476] In another embodiment, a beverage comprises a sweetener composition comprising Reb X, Reb B and Reb D as the sweetening component of the sweetener composition. The percentage by weight of Reb X, Reb B and Reb D can vary from about 1% to about 99% each. In a particular embodiment, Reb B and Reb D together comprise from about 5% to about 40% of the sweetener component, such as, for example, from about 10% to about 30% or about 15% to about 25%. In another particular embodiment, Reb X is present in the beverage at a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, such as, for example, from about 100 to about 400 ppm and Reb B and Reb D together comprise about 5% to about 40% by weight of the sweetener component. In another embodiment, Reb X is present in a concentration of about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm, Reb B is present in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm and Reb D is present in a concentration of about 10 ppm to about 500 ppm. In a more particular embodiment, Reb X is present at a concentration of about 200 ppm, Reb B is present at a concentration of about 100 ppm and Reb D is present at a concentration of about 100 ppm. The pH of the drink is preferably between about 2.5 and about 4.2. Methods to Improve Temporal and / or Flavor Profile
[0477] A method for imparting a time profile, flavor profile more similar to sugar, or both for a sweetening composition comprises combining a sweetening composition with Reb X or with the sweetener compositions of the present invention, that is, sweetener compositions that contain Reb X.
[0478] The method may also include the addition of other sweeteners, additives, functional ingredients and combinations thereof. Any sweetener, additive or functional ingredient detailed in this document can be used.
[0479] As used in this document, “sugar-like” characteristics include any characteristic similar to that of sucrose and include, but are not limited to, maximum response, flavor profile, time profile, adaptation behavior, mouth feeling, concentration / response function, stimulating interactions of taste / and sweet taste / taste, spatial pattern selectivity and temperature effects.
[0480] The flavor profile of a sweetener is a quantitative profile of the relative intensities of all the displayed taste attributes. Such profiles are often plotted as histograms or radar charts.
[0481] These characteristics are dimensions in which the taste of sucrose is different from that of Reb X. Of these, however, the flavor profile and time profile are particularly important. In a single tasting of a sweet food or drink, differences (1) in the attributes that constitute a sweetener flavor profile and (2) in the sweetness appearance and dissipation rates, which constitute a temporal sweetener profile among those observed for sucrose and for Reb X, they can be observed.
[0482] Whether or not a characteristic is more like sugar, is determined by a sensory panel of experts who experiment with compositions that comprise sugar and compositions that comprise Reb X, with or without additives, and provide their impressions of the similarities of characteristics of sweetener compositions, with or without additives, with those comprising sugar. A suitable procedure for determining whether a composition tastes more like sugar is described in embodiments described below in this document.
[0483] In a particular embodiment, a panel of evaluators is used to measure the reduction in sweetness persistence. Briefly described, a panel of evaluators (usually 8 to 12 individuals) is trained to assess a perception of sweetness and measure sweetness at various intervals from when the sample is initially brought to the mouth until 3 minutes after it has been taken. expectorated. Using statistical analysis, results are compared between samples that contain additives and samples that do not contain additives. A decrease in the count for an interval measured after the sample has left the mouth indicates that there was a reduction in the perception of sweetness.
[0484] The panel of evaluators can be trained using procedures well known to those skilled in the art. In a particular embodiment, the panel of evaluators can be trained using the SpectrumTM Descriptive Analysis Method (Meilgaard et al., Sensory Evaluation Techniques, 3rd Edition, Chapter 11). Desirably, the focus of the training should be the recognition and measurement of basic tastes; specifically sweet. To ensure precision and reproducibility of results, each evaluator should repeat the measurement of sweetness persistence reduction for about three to about five times per sample, take at least a five-minute interval between each repetition and / or sample and wash thoroughly with water to clean your mouth.
[0485] In general, the method of measuring sweetness comprises taking a 10 ml sample into the mouth, holding the sample in the mouth for 5 seconds and gently rotating the sample in the mouth, classifying the perceived sweetness intensity in 5 seconds, expectorating the sample (without swallowing after expectorating the sample), rinse with a mouthful of water (for example, vigorously move the water in the mouth, as if it were a mouth rinse) and expectorate the wash water, classify the perceived sweetness intensity immediately when expectorating the washing water, wait 45 seconds and, while waiting for those 45 seconds, identify the time of maximum perceived sweetness intensity and rate the sweetness intensity at that moment (move your mouth normally and swallow as needed), rate the intensity of sweetness after another 10 seconds, rate the sweetness intensity after another 60 seconds (120 cumulative seconds after washing) and rate the sweetness intensity after yet another 60 sec undos (180 cumulative seconds after washing). Take a 5 minute interval between samples, rinse well with water to clean your mouth. Distribution Systems
[0486] Reb X and sweetener compositions that comprise Reb X can also be formulated in various delivery systems that have improved handling and improved dissolution rate. Non-limiting examples of suitable delivery systems include sweetener compositions co-crystallized with a sugar or polyol, agglomerated sweetener compositions, compacted sweetener compositions, dry sweetener compositions, particulate sweetener compositions, spheronized sweetener compositions, granular sweetener compositions and liquid sweetener compositions. Sugar / Polyol and Reb X composition cocrystallized
[0487] In a particular embodiment, a sweetener composition is cocrystallized with a sugar or a polyol for various reasons for preparing a substantially water-soluble sweetener substantially free from dusting problems. Sugar, as used in this document, generally refers to sucrose (C12H22O11). The polyol, as used in this document, is synonymous with sugar alcohol and refers, in general, to a molecule that contains more than one hydroxyl group, erythritol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol, xylitol, isomalt, propylene glycol, glycerol (glycerin), treitol, galactitol, palatinose, reduced isomalto-oligosaccharides, reduced xylo-oligosaccharides, reduced gentio-oligosaccharides, reduced maltose syrup, reduced glucose syrup and sugar alcohols or any other carbohydrate capable of being reduced, that does not adversely affect the taste of the sweetener composition.
[0488] In another embodiment, a process is provided for preparing a sweetener composition of Reb X co-crystallized with sugar or a polyol. Such methods are known to those skilled in the art and are discussed in more detail in US Patent No. 6,214,402. According to certain embodiments, the process for preparing a sweetened composition of Reb X co-crystallized with sugar or a polyol may comprise the steps of preparing a supersaturated polyol sugar or syrup, adding a predetermined amount of premix that comprises a desired ratio of the Reb X and sugar or polyol sweetener composition to the syrup with vigorous mechanical stirring, remove the sugar syrup or polyol mixture from heat and quickly cool the sugar or polyol syrup mixture with vigorous stirring during crystallization and crowding. During the process, the Reb X sweetener composition is incorporated as an integral part of the sugar or polyol matrix, thus preventing the sweetener composition from separating or leaving the mixture during handling, packaging or storage. The resulting product can be granular, free flowing, non-greased and can be dispersed immediately and evenly or dissolved in water.
[0489] In a particular embodiment, a sugar syrup or polyol can be obtained commercially or by effectively mixing a sugar or a polyol with water. The sugar syrup or polyol can be supersaturated to produce a syrup with a solids content in the range of about 95 to about 98% by weight of the syrup by removing water from the sugar syrup. In general, water can be removed from the sugar syrup or polyol by heating and stirring the sugar syrup or polyol while maintaining the sugar syrup or polyol at a temperature of not less than about 120 ° C to prevent premature crystallization .
[0490] In another particular embodiment, a dry premix is prepared by combining the sweetener composition of Reb X and a sugar or polyol in a desired amount. According to certain embodiments, the weight ratio of the Reb X sweetener composition to sugar or polyol is in the range of about 0.001: 1 to about 1: 1. Other components, such as flavors or other high potency sweeteners, can also be added to the dry premix, as long as the amount does not adversely affect the overall taste of the sugar cocrystallized sweetener composition.
[0491] The quantities of premix and supersaturated syrup can vary, in order to produce products with varying levels of sweetness. In particular embodiments, the Reb X sweetener composition is present in an amount from about 0.001% to about 50% by weight of the final product or from about 0.001% to about 5%, or from about 0.001% to about 2.5%.
[0492] The sugar or polyol-sweetened sweetener compositions of this invention are suitable for use in any sweetener composition to replace conventional caloric sweeteners, as well as other types of low-calorie or non-calorie sweeteners. In addition, the sugar or polyol-cocrystallized sweetener composition described herein can be combined in certain embodiments with bulking agents, non-limiting examples of which include dextrose, maltodextrin, lactose, inulin, polyols, polydextrose, cellulose and cellulose derivatives. Such products may be particularly suitable for use as table sweeteners. Agglomerated Sweetener Composition
[0493] In certain embodiments, a chipboard of a Reb X sweetener composition is provided. As used herein, "sweetener agglomerate" means a plurality of sweetener particles grouped and held together. Examples of sweetener agglomerates include, but are not limited to, agglomerates maintained by binder, extrudates and granules. Agglomerated Agglomerates
[0494] According to certain embodiments, a process is provided for preparing an agglomerate of a Reb X sweetener composition, a binding agent and a vehicle. Methods for producing agglomerates are known to those skilled in the art and are disclosed in more detail in US Patent No. 6,180,157. Generally described, the process for preparing an agglomerate according to a certain embodiment comprises the steps of preparing a premix solution comprising a Reb X sweetener composition and a binding agent in a solvent, heating the pre- mixing at a temperature sufficient to effectively form a mixture of the premix, apply the premix in a fluidized vehicle through a fluidized bed agglomerator and dry the resulting agglomerate. The level of sweetness of the resulting agglomerate can be modified by varying the amount of the sweetener composition in the premix solution.
[0495] In a particular embodiment, the premix solution comprises a Reb X sweetener composition and a binding agent dissolved in a solvent. The binding agent may have sufficient binding strength to facilitate agglomeration. Non-limiting examples of suitable binding agents include maltodextrin, sucrose, gum gum, arabic gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellobiosis, proteins and mixtures thereof. The Reb X sweetener composition and the binding agent can be dissolved in the same solvent or in two separate solvents. In embodiments in which separate solvents are used to dissolve the sweetener composition and the binding agent, the solvents can be the same or different before being combined into a single solution. Any solvent can be used in which the Reb X sweetener composition and / or the binding agent dissolves. Desirably, the solvent is a food grade solvent, non-limiting examples of which include ethanol, water, isopropanol, methanol and mixtures thereof. To make a complete mixing of the premix, the premix can be heated to a temperature in the range of about 30 to about 100 ° C. As used herein, the term "mixing" means combining sufficiently to form a mixture.
[0496] The amount of binding agent in the solution can vary depending on a variety of factors, including the binding strength of the particular binding agent and the particular solvent chosen. The binding agent is generally present in the premix solution in an amount of about 1 to about 50% by weight of the premix solution or about 5 to about 25% by weight. The weight ratio of the binding agent to the Reb X sweetener composition in the premix solution can vary from as low as about 1:10 to as high as about 10: 1. The weight ratio of the binding agent to the Reb X sweetener composition can also vary from about 0.5: 1.0 to about 2: 1.
[0497] After preparing the premix solution, the premix solution is applied to a fluidized vehicle using a fluidized bed agglomeration mixer. Preferably, the premix is applied to the fluidized vehicle by spraying the premixed fluidized vehicle to form an agglomerate of the Reb X sweetener composition and the vehicle. The fluidized bed agglomerator can be any suitable fluidized bed agglomerator known to those skilled in the art. For example, the fluidized bed agglomerator may be a continuous, continuous or batch turbulent flow agglomerator.
[0498] The vehicle is fluidized and its temperature is adjusted to between about 20 and about 50 ° C or between about 35 and about 45 ° C. In certain embodiments, the vehicle is heated to about 40 ° C. The vehicle can be placed in a removable calender cylinder from a fluidized bed agglomerator. After the calender cylinder is attached to the fluidized bed agglomerator, the vehicle is fluidized and heated as needed by adjusting the inlet air temperature. The inlet air temperature can be maintained between about 50 and about 100 ° C. For example, to heat the fluidized vehicle to about 40 ° C, the inlet air temperature can be adjusted to between about 70 and about 75 ° C.
[0499] Once the fluidized vehicle reaches the desired temperature, the premix solution can be applied through the spray nozzle of the fluidized bed agglomerator. The premix solution can be vaporized in the fluidized vehicle at any rate that is effective to produce an agglomerate that has the desired particle size distribution. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a variety of parameters can be adjusted to obtain the desired particle size distribution. After spraying is complete, the agglomerate can be allowed to dry. In certain embodiments, the agglomerate is allowed to dry until the outlet air temperature reaches about 35 to about 40 ° C.
[0500] The amount of the Reb X sweetener composition, vehicle and binding agent in the resulting pellets can be varied depending on a variety of factors, including the selection of the binding agent and vehicle, as well as the sweetening potency of the cluster. Those skilled in the art will observe that the amount of Reb X sweetener composition present in the agglomerates can be controlled by varying the amount of the Reb X sweetener composition that is added to the premix solution. The amount of sweetness is particularly important when trying to match the sweetness delivered by other natural and / or synthetic sweeteners in a variety of products.
[0501] In one embodiment, the vehicle weight ratio for the Reb X sweetener composition is between about 1:10 and about 10: 1 or between about 0.5: 1.0 and about 2: 1. In one embodiment, the sweetener composition of Reb X is present in the agglomerates in an amount in the range of about 0.1 to about 99.9% by weight, the vehicle is present in the agglomerates in an amount in the range of about 50 to about 99.9% by weight and the amount of binding agent is present in the agglomerates in an amount in the range of about 0.1 to about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the agglomerate. In another embodiment, the amount of the Reb X sweetener composition present in the agglomerate is in the range of about 50 to about 99.9% by weight, the amount of vehicle present in the agglomerate is in the range of about 75 to about 99% by weight and the amount of binding agent present in the agglomerate is in the range of about 1 to about 7% by weight.
[0502] The particle size distribution of the agglomerates can be determined by sieving the agglomerate through mesh of various sizes. The product can also be selected to produce a narrower particle size distribution, if desired. For example, a 14 mesh mesh can be used to remove large particles and produce an especially good looking product, particles smaller than 120 mesh can be removed to obtain an agglomerate with improved flow properties or a closer particle size distribution. can be obtained, if desired, for particular applications.
[0503] Those skilled in the art will note that the particle size distribution of the agglomerate can be controlled by a variety of factors, including the selection of binding agent, the concentration of the binding agent in the solution, the rate of sprinkling of the solution. spray, the atomizing air pressure and the particular vehicle used. For example, increasing the spray rate can increase the average particle size.
[0504] In certain embodiments, the agglomerates provided in this document can be combined with combination agents. Combination agents, as used herein, include a wide range of ingredients commonly used in food or drinks that include, but are not limited to, those ingredients used as binding agents, vehicles, bulking agents and sweeteners. For example, agglomerates can be used to prepare table sweeteners or powdered drink mixes by dryly combining the agglomerates of this invention with combination agents commonly used to prepare table sweeteners or powdered drink mixes using well known methods those skilled in the art. Extruded
[0505] Extrusions of substantially free flow and substantially free of dust or extruded agglomerates of the Reb X sweetener composition are also provided in the embodiments of the present document. According to certain embodiments, such particles can be formed with or without the use of binders that use extrusion and spheronization processes. "Extruded" or "extruded sweetener composition" as used herein, refers to relatively mechanically resistant, free-flowing, cylindrical granules of the Reb X sweetener composition. The terms "spheres" or "spheronized sweetener composition" ", as used herein, refer to relatively spherical mechanically resistant granules with relatively spherical free flowing dust. Although spheres typically have a smoother surface and can be more resistant / stiffer than extruded, extruded products offer a cost-benefit by requiring less processing. The spheres and extrudates of this invention can be further processed, if desired, to form various other particles, such as, for example, by grinding or cutting.
[0506] In another embodiment, a process for producing extrudates of the Reb X sweetener composition is provided. Such methods are known to those skilled in the art and are described in more detail in US Patent No. 6,365,216. Generally described, the process for producing extrudates of a Reb X sweetener composition comprises the steps of combining the Reb X sweetener composition, a plasticizer and, optionally, a binder to form a moist mass; extrude the wet mass to form extrudates; and drying the extrudates to obtain particles of the Reb X sweetener composition.
[0507] Non-limiting examples of suitable plasticizers include, but are not limited to, water, glycerol and mixtures thereof. According to certain embodiments, the plasticizer is usually present in the wet mass in an amount of about 4 to about 45% by weight, or about 15% to about 35% by weight.
[0508] Non-limiting examples of suitable binders include, but are not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), maltodextrins, microcrystalline cellulose, starches, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), arabic gum, xanthan gum, jelly, gum and mixtures thereof. The binder is generally present in the wet mass in an amount of about 0.01% to about 45% by weight or from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight.
[0509] In a particular embodiment, the binder can be dissolved in the plasticizer to form a binder solution which is then added to the Reb X sweetener composition and other optional ingredients. The use of the binder solution provides better distribution of the binder through the wet mass.
[0510] Other optional ingredients that can be included in the wet mass include vehicles and additives. A person skilled in the art should immediately note that vehicles and additives can comprise any common food ingredient and must also readily discern the appropriate amount of a given food ingredient to obtain a desired taste, taste or functionality.
[0511] Methods of extruding the wet mass to form extrudates are well known to those skilled in the art. In a particular embodiment, a low pressure extruder adapted with a mold is used to form the extrudates. The extrudates can be cut to length by using a cutting device attached to the discharge end of the extruder to form extrudates that are substantially cylindrical in shape and can be in the form of pasta or pellets. The shape and size of the extrudates can be varied, depending on the shape and size of the mold openings and the use of the cutting device.
[0512] After the extrusion of the extrudates, the extrudates are dried using methods well known to those skilled in the art. In a particular embodiment, a fluid bed dryer is used to dry the extrudates.
[0513] Optionally, in a particular embodiment, the extrudates are formed into spheres before the drying step. The spheres are formed by loading the extrudates into a spheronizer, which consists of a vertical hollow cylinder (calender cylinder) with a horizontal rotation disc (friction plate) in it. The surface of the rotating disc can have a variety of textures suitable for specific purposes. For example, a grid pattern can be used, which corresponds to the desired particle size. The extrudates are formed in spheres by contact with the rotation disk and by collisions with the wall of the calender cylinder and between particles. During the formation of the spheres, excess moisture can move to the surface or thixotropic behavior can be exhibited by the extrudates, which requires light dusting with a suitable powder to reduce the likelihood that the particles will stick together.
[0514] As previously described, the extrudates of the Reb X sweetener composition can be formed with or without the use of a binder. The formation of extruded products without the use of a binder is desirable due to its lower cost and improved product quality. In addition, the number of additives in the extrudates is reduced. In embodiments in which the extrudates are formed without the use of a binder, the particle formation method further comprises the step of heating the wet mass of the Reb X sweetener and plasticizer composition to promote wet mass bonding. Desirably, the wet mass is heated to a temperature of about 30 to about 90 ° C or about 40 to about 70 ° C. Methods of heating the wet dough according to certain embodiments include, but are not limited to, an oven, a kneader with a heated housing or an extruder with mixing and heating capabilities. Granules
[0515] In one embodiment, granulated forms of a Reb X sweetener composition are provided. As used herein, the terms "granules," "granular forms," and "granular forms" are synonymous and refer to mechanically resistant agglomerates substantially different from free flowing dust in the Reb X sweetener composition.
[0516] In another embodiment, a process is provided for producing granular forms of a Reb X sweetener composition. Granulation methods are known to those skilled in the art and are described in more detail in PCT Publication WO 01/60842. In some embodiments, such methods include, but are not limited to, spray granulation using a wet binder with or without fluidization, powder compaction, spraying, extrusion and kneading agglomeration. The preferred method of granule formation is powder compaction due to its simplicity. Compressed forms of the Reb X sweetener composition are also provided in this document.
[0517] In one embodiment, the granule formation process of the Reb X sweetener composition comprises the steps of compacting the Reb X sweetener composition to form compacts; breaking up compacts to form granules; and optionally selecting the granules to obtain granules of the Reb X sweetener composition that have a desired particle size.
[0518] Methods of compacting the Reb X sweetener composition can be performed using any known compacting techniques. Non-limiting examples of such techniques include roller compaction, tabletting, crushing, piston extrusion, plunger pressure, roller briquetting, reciprocal piston processing, mold pressure and pelletizing. Compacts can take any shape that can be subjected to subsequent reduction in size, non-limiting examples of which include flakes, chips, briquettes, pieces and lozenges. Those skilled in the art will note that the shape and appearance of compacts will vary depending on the shape and surface characteristics of the equipment used in the compaction step. Consequently, compacts may appear smooth, wavy, streaked or flexible or similar areas. In addition, the actual size and characteristics of the compacts will depend on the type of equipment and operating parameters used during compaction.
[0519] In a particularly desirable embodiment, the Reb X sweetener composition is compacted into flakes or flakes by the use of a roller compactor. A roller compaction apparatus usually includes a feeder to feed the sweetener composition to be compacted and a pair of counter-rotating rollers, one or both of which are fixed to the geometric axes of them with an optional, slightly mobile roller. . The sweetener composition of Reb X is fed to the apparatus through the feeder by gravity or a power feed thread. The actual size of the resulting compacts will depend on the roll width and the scale of the equipment used. In addition, the characteristics of compacts, such as stiffness, density and thickness will depend on factors such as pressure, roll speed, feed rate and feed screw amplifiers employed during the compaction process.
[0520] In a particular embodiment, the sweetener composition is sanded before the compaction stage, which leads to more effective compaction and the formation of more resistant compacts and resulting granules. Deaeration can be carried out by any known means, non-limiting examples of which include pressure feeding, vacuum deaeration and combinations thereof.
[0521] In another particular embodiment, a dry binder is mixed with the Reb X sweetener composition prior to compaction. The use of a dry binder can improve the resistance of the granules and assist in their dispersion in liquids. Suitable dry binders include, but are not limited to, pre-gelatinized corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose, hydrophilic polymers (e.g., methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alginates, xanthan gum, gelatin and gum arabic) mixtures thereof. According to certain embodiments, the dry binder is normally present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 40% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture of the Reb X sweetener composition and dry binder.
[0522] After the compaction stage, the compacts are broken to form granules. Any suitable means of breaking compacts can be used, including grinding. In a particular embodiment, the breaking of the compacts is carried out in a plurality of steps using a variety of grinding opening sizes. In some embodiments, the breaking of the compacts is achieved in two stages: a stage breaking stage and a subsequent grinding stage. The step of breaking the compacts reduces the number of "leftovers" in the granulated sweetener composition. As used herein, "leftovers" refers to a material larger than the largest desired particle size.
[0523] The breakdown of compacts results, in general, in granules of varying sizes. Consequently, it may be desirable to select the granules to obtain granules that have a desired particle size range. Any conventional means of selecting particles can be used to screen the granules, including filters and strainers. After selection, the "fines" can be optionally recycled through the compactor. As used herein, "fines" refers to a material smaller than the smallest desired particle size. Cosseca Sweetener Composition
[0524] Cosseca Reb X sweetener compositions comprising a Reb X sweetener composition and one or more coagents are also provided herein. The coagent, as used in this document, includes any ingredient you want to use with and is compatible with the sweetener composition for the product to be produced. The person skilled in the art will observe that the coagents will be selected based on the one or more features that are desired for use in the product applications for which the sweetener composition will be used. A wide range of ingredients is compatible with sweetener compositions and can be selected for such functional properties. In one embodiment, one or more of the coagents comprises at least one of the sweetener composition additive described below in this document. In another embodiment, one or more of the coagents comprise a bulking agent, flow agent, encapsulating agent or a mixture thereof.
[0525] In another embodiment, a method of co-drying a Reb X sweetener composition and one or more coagents is provided. Such methods are known to those skilled in the art and are described in more detail in PCT Publication WO 02/05660. Any conventional drying equipment or technique known to those skilled in the art can be used to cover the Reb X sweetener composition and one or more coagents. Suitable drying processes include, but are not limited to, spray drying, convection drying, vacuum drum drying, freeze drying, reservoir drying and high speed paddle drying.
[0526] In a particularly desirable embodiment, the Reb X sweetener composition is spray dried. A solution is prepared from the sweetener composition of Reb X and one or more desired coagents. Any suitable solvent or mixture of solvents can be used to prepare the solution, depending on the solubility characteristics of the Reb X sweetener composition and one or more coagents. According to certain embodiments, suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, water, ethanol and mixtures thereof.
[0527] In one embodiment, the solution of the Reb X sweetener composition and one or more coagents can be heated prior to spray drying. The temperature can be selected based on the dissolving properties of the dry ingredients and the desired viscosity of the solution fed by spray drying.
[0528] In another embodiment, a non-reactive non-flammable gas (for example, carbon dioxide) can be added to the solution of the Reb X sweetener composition and one or more coagents prior to atomization. Non-reactive, non-flammable gas can be added in an amount effective to decrease the volumetric density of the resulting spray dried product and to produce a product that comprises hollow spheres.
[0529] Spray drying methods are well known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, the solution of the Reb X sweetener composition and one or more coagents is fed through a spray dryer at an inlet air temperature in the range of about 150 to about 350 ° C. Increasing the air inlet temperature at a constant air flow can result in a product that has reduced volumetric density. The outlet air temperature can be in the range of about 70 to about 140 ° C, according to certain embodiments. Decreasing the air outlet temperature can result in a product that has a high moisture content, which allows it to facilitate agglomeration in a fluid bed dryer to produce sweetener compositions that have superior dissolving properties.
[0530] Any suitable spray drying equipment can be used to cover the Reb X sweetener composition and one or more coagents. Those skilled in the art will observe that the selection of equipment can be adapted to obtain a product that has particular physical characteristics. For example, foam spray drying can be used to produce low volumetric density products. Alternatively, a fluidized bed can be attached to the outlet of the spray dryer to produce a product that has improved dissolution rates for use in instant products. Examples of spray dryers include, but are not limited to, co-current nozzle tower spray dryers, co-current rotary atomizer spray dryers, counter-current nozzle tower spray dryers, and fountain nozzle spray dryers mixed flow.
[0531] The resulting Reb X Cosseca sweetener compositions can be further treated or separated by using techniques well known to those skilled in the art. For example, a desired particle size distribution can be achieved by using selection techniques. Alternatively, the resulting Reb X Cosseca sweetener compositions may undergo further processing, such as agglomeration.
[0532] Spray drying uses liquid feeds that can be atomized (for example, aqueous pastes, solutions and suspensions). Alternative drying methods can be selected depending on the type of feed. For example, freeze drying and reservoir drying are capable of handling not only liquid feeds, as described above, but also moist cakes and pastes. Paddle dryers, such as high speed paddle dryers, can accept watery pastes, suspensions, gels and moist cakes. Vacuum drum drying, although used mainly with liquid feeds, has great flexibility in handling feeds that have a wide range of viscosities.
[0533] The resulting Reb X Cosseca sweetener compositions have surprising functionality for use in a variety of systems. Notably, Reb X Cosseca sweetener compositions are believed to have superior taste properties. In addition, Reb X Cosseca sweetener compositions may have greater stability in low humidity systems.
[0534] The present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which is not to be constructed in any way as imposing limitations on its scope. On the contrary, it must be clearly understood that it can be used for various other embodiments, modifications and equivalents thereof, which, after reading the description of the same, can be suggested to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and / or the scope of the attached claims. EXAMPLES Example 1: Purification of Reb X from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves
[0535] Two kg of leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant were dried at 45 ° C to a moisture content of 8.0% and crushed into particles of 10 to 20 mm. The content of different glycosides in the leaves was as follows: Stevioside - 2.55%, Reb A - 7.78%, Reb B - 0.01%, Reb C - 1.04%, Reb D - 0.21%, Reb F - 0.14%, Reb X - 0.10% Dulcoside A - 0.05% and Steviobioside - 0.05%. The dry material was loaded in a continuous extractor and the extraction was performed with 40.0 l of water at a pH of 6.5 to 40 ° C for 160 min. The filtrate was collected and subjected to chemical treatment. Calcium oxide in the amount of 400 g was added to the filtrate to adjust the pH within the range of 8.5 to 9.0 and the mixture was maintained for 15 min with slow stirring. Then, the pH was adjusted to about 3.0 by the addition of 600 g of FeCl3 and the mixture was maintained for 15 min with slow stirring. A small amount of calcium oxide was added additionally to adjust the pH to 8.5 to 9.0 and the mixture was maintained for 30 min with slow stirring. The precipitate was removed by filtration in a plate and frame filter press using cotton as the filtration material. The slightly yellow filtrate was passed through the column, packed with Amberlite FCP22 (H +) cation exchange resin and then through the column with Amberlite FPA53 (OH-) anion exchange resin. The flow rate in both columns was maintained at SV = 0.8 hour-1. After completion, both columns were washed with RO water to recover the steviol glycosides left in the columns and the filtrates were combined. The combined solution portion containing 120 g of total steviol glycosides was passed through seven columns, each column packed with specific macroporous polymeric adsorbent YWD-03 (Cangzhou Yuanwei, China). The first column about 1/3 the size of the others acted as a "capture column". The SV was about 1.0 hour-1. After all the extract was passed through the columns, the resin was washed sequentially with 1 volume of water, 2 volumes of 0.5% NaOH, 1 volume of water, 2 volumes of 0.5% HCl and finally with water until pH is 7.0. The "capture column" was washed separately. The desorption of the adsorbed steviol glycosides was performed with 52% ethanol at SV = 1.0 hour-1. Desorption of the first "capture column" was carried out separately and the filtrate was not mixed with the main solution obtained from other columns. The desorption of the last column was also performed separately. The quality of the extract from different columns with specific macroporous adsorbent is shown in Table 1. Table 1.

[0536] Eluates from second to sixth columns were combined and treated separately. The combined steviol glycoside solution was mixed with 0.3% activated carbon of the total volume of solution. The suspension was maintained at 25 ° C for 30 min with continuous stirring. The coal separation was carried out in a press filtration system. For additional decolorization, the filtrate was passed through the columns packed with Amberlite FCP22 (H +) cation exchange resin, followed by Amberlite FPA53 A30B (OH-) anion exchange resin. The flow rate in both columns was about SV = 0.5 hour-1. Ethanol was distilled using a vacuum evaporator. The solids content in the final solution was about 15%. The concentrate was passed through the columns packed with Amberlite FCP22 (H +) cation exchange resin and Amberlite FPA53 (OH-) anion exchange resin with SV = 0.5 hour-1. After all the solution was passed through the columns, both resins were washed with RO water to recover the steviol glycosides left in the columns. The resulting refined extract was transferred to the nanofiltration device, concentrated to about 52% solids content and spray dried to provide a mixture of highly purified steviol glycosides. The yield was 99.7 g. The mixture contained Stevioside - 20.5%, Reb A - 65.6%, Reb B - 0.1%, Reb C - 8.4%, Reb D - 0.5%, Reb F - 1.1%, Reb X - 0.1%, Dulcoside A - 0.4% and Steviolbioside -0.4%.
[0537] The combined eluate from the last column contained about 5.3 g of steviol glycosides in total, including 2.3 g of Reb D and about 1.9 g of Reb X (35.8% Reb ratio X / TSG). It was deionized and discolored as discussed above and then concentrated to a 33.5% total solids content.
[0538] The concentrate was mixed with two volumes of anhydrous methanol and kept at 20-22 ° C for 24 hours with intense stirring.
[0539] The resulting precipitate was filtered off and washed with about two volumes of absolute methanol. The yield of Reb X was 1.5 g with about 80% purity.
[0540] For further purification, the precipitate was suspended in three volumes of 60% methanol and treated at 55 ° C for 30 min, then cooled to 20-22 ° C and stirred for another 2 hours.
[0541] The resulting precipitate was filtered off and washed with about two volumes of absolute methanol and subjected to similar treatment with a mixture of methanol and water.
[0542] The yield of Reb X was 1.2 g with 97.3% purity. Example 2: Sensory Properties of Reb X
[0543] The sensory properties of Reb X were evaluated in acidified water (pH 3.0 by phosphoric acid) at a concentration of 500 mg / l by 20 tasters. The results are summarized in Table 2. Table 2. Evaluation of steviol glycosides at 500 ppm (pH 3.0)
s
[0544] The above results clearly show that Reb X has a taste profile superior to steviol glycosides already known. Example 3: Elucidation of Reb X Structure
[0545] HRMS: HRMS (High Resolution Mass Spectrum) data were generated with a Waters Premier Quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source operated in positive ion mode. The samples were diluted and eluted with a gradient of 2: 2: 1 methanol: acetonitrile: water and introduced 50 μl through infusion using the syringe pump on board.
[0546] NMR: The sample was dissolved in deuterated pyridine (C5D5N) and the NMR spectra were acquired on 600 MHz Varian Unity Plus instruments using standard pulse sequences. Chemical shifts are given in δ (ppm) and coupling constants are reported in Hz.
[0547] The complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments for the rebaudioside X diterpene glycoside determined based on 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D (COZY, HMQC and HMBC) NMR, as well as high resolution mass spectroscopic data:
Discussion
[0548] The molecular formula was deduced as C56H90O33 based on its positive high resolution (HR) mass spectrum (Figure 6) which showed an [M + NH4 +] ion in mlz 1308.5703 together with an [M + Na + adduct ] in mlz 1313.5274. This composition was supported by 13C NMR spectral data (Figure 7). The 1H NMR spectrum (Figure 8) showed the presence of two methyl singlets at δ 1.32 to 1.38, two olefinic protons as δ 4.90 to 5.69 singlets from an exocyclic double bond, nine protons from methylene and two methane between δ 0.75 to 2.74 characteristic for ent-caurane diterpenoids previously isolated from the genus Stevia.
[0549] The basic entheruran diterpenoid skeleton was supported by COZY (Figure 9): H-1 / H-2 correlations; H-2 / H-3; H-5 / H-6; H-6 / H-7; H-9 / H-11; H-11 / H-12.
[0550] The basic entheruran diterpenoid skeleton was also supported by HMBC (Figure 10): correlations H-1 / C-2, C-10; H-3 / C-1, C-2, C-4, C-5, C-18, C-19; H-5 / C-4, C-6, C-7, C-9, C-10, C-18, C-19, C-20; H-9 / C-8, C-10, C-11, C-12, C-14, C-15; H-14 / C-8, C-9, C-13, C-15, C-16 and H-17 / C-13, C-15, C-16.
[0551] The 1H NMR spectrum also showed the presence of anomeric protons that resonate at δ 5.31, 5.45, 5.46, 5.48, 5.81 and 6.39; which suggests six units of sugar in its structure. Enzymatic hydrolysis provided an aglycone, which was identified as steviol by comparing co-TLC with standard compound. Acid hydrolysis with 5% H2SO4 provided glucose, which was identified by direct comparison with authentic samples by TLC. The values of 1H and 13C NMR for all protons and carbons were assigned based on the correlations of COZY, HMQC and HMBC (Table 3). Table 3. Spectral data of 1H and 13C NMR for Rebaudioside X in C5D5Na to c


s allocations based on COZY, HMQC and HMBC correlations; b Chemical shift values are in δ (ppm); c Coupling constants are in Hz.
[0552] Based on the results of NMR spectral data, it was concluded that there are six units of glycosyl. A close comparison of the 1H and 13C NMR spectrum of Reb X with rebaudioside D suggested that Reb X was also a steviol glycoside that had three glucose residues that attached to the C-13 hydroxyl as a 2,3- branched and another portion of 2,3-branched glycotriosyl in the form of a C-19 ester.
[0553] The key COZY and HMBC correlations suggested the placement of the sixth portion of glycosyl at position C-3 of Sugar I. The largest coupling constants observed for the six anomeric protons of the glucose portions at δ 5.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz), 5.45 (d, J = 7.5 Hz), 5.46 (d, J = 7.1 Hz), 5.48 (d, J = 7.7 Hz), 5, 81 (d, J = 7.2 Hz) and 6.39 (d, J = 8.2 Hz) suggested their β orientation, as reported for steviol glycosides. Based on NMR results and mass spectrum studies and, in comparison with the spectral values of Rebaudioside A and Rebaudioside D, Reb X was assigned as (13- [2-O-β-D-glycopyranosyl-3-O- β-D-glycopyranosyl-β-D-glycopyranosyl) oxy] [2-O-β-D-glycopyranosyl-3-O-β-D-glycopyranosyl) caur-16-en-19-oic acid. Example 4: Taste Evaluation of Rebaudioside X
[0554] The taste properties of a Reb X sample were studied in contrast to the Rebaudioside A (Reb A) and Rebaudioside D (Reb D) samples. Reb A was obtained from Cargill (lot no. 1040) and Reb-D was obtained from PureCircle (lot no. 11/3/08).
[0555] The samples were prepared at 500 ppm for sweetness evaluation by adding moisture-compensated mass to a 100 ml sample of water treated with charcoal and citric buffer solutions.
[0556] The citric buffer was prepared by mixing 1.171 g / l of citric acid, 0.275 g / l of sodium citrate and 0.185 g / l of sodium benzoate with water treated with charcoal with a final pH of 3.22. The mixtures were stirred moderately at room temperature. The Reb X sample was then evaluated against the two control samples Reb A and Reb D in water and citrus buffer at room temperature (RT) and at 4 ° C in an ice bath by an experienced taster for any determinations of tasting quality using the multiple sip and controlled intake method shown below: 1. Take a first sip (approximately 1.8 ml) of control and swallow. Wait for 15 to 25 seconds, then take a second sip of control and wait for 15 to 25 seconds. 2. Take a first sip of the experimental sample, wait for 15 to 25 seconds, then take a second sip. Compare to the second control sip. 3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the third and fourth sips of the experimental and control sample to confirm the initial finding. Discussion
[0557] Results of taste evaluation of Reb X samples in contrast to the control samples of Reb A and Reb D at 500 ppm in citrus buffer (CB) at 4 ° C and RT are described in Table 4. Table 4 .


[0558] The quality of taste of Reb X at room temperature and at 4 ° C was similar. The quality of taste of Reb X was much better than Reb A or Reb D. Reb X did not exhibit a tasting quality similar to pure sugar, but instead contained a broader or fat-like sweet time profile and less persistence of sweetness than that of Reb A. Similar to Reb D, Reb X did not have the astringency or intensity of sweetness (depth) and evidence of bitterness compared to those of Reb A in a citrate buffer system. Example5: Reb X Solubility Studies in Water Treated with Coal and Citrate Buffer
[0559] The samples used to evaluate the taste properties in Example 2 were also used for solubility studies. At concentrations of 500 ppm in citrate buffer, the initial solubility test revealed that Reb X has limited solubility, but significantly greater than that of Reb D and significantly less solubility than Reb A.
[0560] Additional solubility tests revealed detailed concentration and time to solubilization data, as shown in Table 5: Table 5.

Example 6: Reb X Determination
[0561] Reb X isodness levels were evaluated in a citrus buffer system at room temperature and 4 ° C. A 600 ppm stock solution of Reb X was prepared by adding a 0.15 g mass to a 250 ml sample of citrus buffer (CB) solution. The mixture was moderately stirred at a warmer temperature (up to approximately 52 ° C) in a stirrer heated for about 15 to 20 minutes and then cooled. The citric buffer was prepared by adding 1.6 g of citric acid, 0.6 g of potassium citrate and 0.253 g of sodium benzoate in 1 l of water treated with charcoal. The pH of the mixture was 3.1. Seven Reb X solutions diluted to 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm were prepared by adding 2.08, 4.17, 8.33, 16.67, 25.00, 33.33 and 41.67 ml a stock solution of Reb X, respectively, in each 50 ml of CB solution. The controls of 0.75%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 15% sucrose equivalence (SE) were also prepared by adding sugar (w / v) in the CB. The mixtures were stirred moderately and then prepared for the isodura determination test. The Reb X samples were then evaluated against the control sugar samples in citrus buffer at room temperature (RT) and 4 ° C (in an ice bath) by an experienced taster to determine iso-sweetness using the method of multiple sip tasting and controlled intake. The results are shown in Table 6. Table 6.
Discussion
[0562] It was found that the sample of Reb X at 0.06% (w / v) is very soluble and clear (colorless) in citrus buffer up to 52 ° C for approximately 15 to 20 minutes. No taste deviation at any concentrations of Reb X in CB at 4 ° C was detected, except at least about 300 ppm which noticeably had a greater persistence of sweetness. In all concentrations, a pleasant sweetness tasting quality was detected with a slight delay in the sweetness principle and no bitterness. Regardless of the mouthfeel or stronger texture effect (more syrupy, thicker) at approximately 15% sucrose, it was difficult to determine the levels of isokiness for at least 400 ppm of Reb X due to its diluting mouthfeel, but a broader and more impactful sweetness time profile, as well as significant sweet persistence.
[0563] There was no significant difference in sweetness intensity between RT and 4 ° C in the Reb X concentration range based on direct comparison with control sucrose at similar temperatures. Two repeated tests comparing Reb X concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm at RT and 4 ° C confirmed these initial results. Example 7: Drink Formulas
[0564] Flavored Black Tea: The taste properties of a flavored zero calorie black tea drink containing Reb A at a concentration of 250 ppm was compared to a flavored zero calorie black tea drink comparable to Reb X at a concentration of 250 ppm. The drink containing Reb X was determined to be cleaner in the finish with less persistence of sweetness and a more balanced overall sweetness profile.
[0565] Enhanced Water: The taste properties of a zero-calorie enhanced water drink that contains Reb A at a concentration of 200 ppm were compared to a comparable zero-calorie improved water drink that contains comparable Reb X at a concentration of 200 ppm. The Reb X-containing drink was cleaner in finish and had reduced sweetness persistence and a more balanced overall sweetness taste.
[0566] Orange flavored gas drink: Reb X levels were evaluated on a zero calorie orange flavored drink base to determine the sweetening-up effect. Samples of the orange flavored gas drink with Reb X in quantities between 400 and 750 ppm (in 50 ppm increments) were prepared. All samples tasted significantly better than comparable formulas containing Reb A, resulting in cleaner profiles with increased sweetness intensity and no negative residual taste characteristics. It was found that samples containing 500 ppm and 550 ppm of Reb X are closer to the sweetness level of a sweet orange flavored gas drink formulation with 11.5 Brix high fructose corn syrup. Example 8: Reb X sweetness versus concentration
[0567] 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% sucrose solutions were prepared in neutral water (pH 7.0) and acidified (pH 3.2) as reference samples. Solutions containing Reb X (98% purity) were prepared to match the sweetness of each sucrose reference in neutral and acidified water. The samples were tasted and verified by a panel of tasters trained in water at room temperature. Table 7.
Example 9: Sensory Comparison of Reb X and Reb A
[0568] To compare the sensory attributes between Reb X and Reb A, isodoces samples having 8% sweetness equivalent to sucrose were produced with filtered water as shown in Table 8. An 8% solution of sugar in water at room temperature was used as a control. Table 8.


[0569] Acidified solutions of 250 ppm citric acid (pH 3.2) containing the same concentration of Reb X and Reb A as indicated in Table 8 were also prepared. An 8% sugar solution in the acidified solution was used as the control.
[0570] Samples prepared with filtered water were evaluated by 34 semi-trained panel members at room temperature. Samples prepared with acidified water were evaluated by 23 semi-trained panel members at room temperature. The samples were given to the panel members sequentially and coded with three-digit numbers. The order of presentation of the sample was randomized to avoid deviation in the order of presentation. Water and crackers without salt were provided to cleanse the palate. Panel members were asked to rate different attributes, including the beginning of sweetness, total sweetness, balanced sweetness, bitterness, acidity, leafy hint, licorice, astringency, mouthfeel, mouth covering, sweet persistence and bitter persistence. The samples were classified on a scale from zero (0) to ten (10), with zero indicating immediate onset, no intensity, aqueous / low viscosity or very acute peak and ten indicating very late onset, high intensity, thick / high viscosity or very balanced peak. A single one-way ANOVA factor was used to analyze the sensory results where α = 0.05. The results are shown in Figures 11 and 12. Discussion
[0571] Although Reb A and Reb X exhibited similar sweetness intensity, the filtered water samples (Figure 11) showed reduced bitterness, astringency and bitter persistence compared to Reb A. In acidified water, the perception of greater sweetness of Reb X over Reb A is significant (Figure 12). Reb X also showed faster onset of sweetness, different taste from reduced sweet (bitterness, sour, astringency) and persistence of bitterness. Example 10: Sensory Comparison of Reb X and Other Non-Caloric Sweeteners Combinations of Reb X and Other Non-Caloric Sweetener
[0572] To study the interaction between Reb X and other natural ingredients, Reb X was combined with Reb B, Reb D, Reb A, NSF-02 (PureCirle), Mogroside V (Mog) and erythritol in various concentrations (Table 9) in acidified water and sensory evaluations were performed. The main objective of this study was to assess the improvement in the sweetness profile, including sweetness intensity in the presence of another co-ingredient / sweetener. Table 9.

[0573] The sweetened samples containing Reb X and Reb B were evaluated by 13 semi-trained panel members at room temperature. The sweetened samples containing Reb X and NSF-02 were evaluated by 11 semi-trained panel members at room temperature. The sweetened samples containing Reb X and Mogroside V were evaluated by 9 semi-trained panel members at room temperature. The sweetened samples containing Reb X and erythritol were evaluated by 12 semi-trained panel members at room temperature. In all cases, samples were provided to panel members sequentially and encoded with three-digit numbers. The order of presentation of the sample was randomized to avoid deviation in the order of presentation. Water and crackers without salt were provided to cleanse the palate. Panel members were asked to rate different attributes, including the beginning of sweetness, total sweetness, balanced sweetness, bitterness, acidity, leafy hint, licorice, astringency, mouthfeel, mouth covering, sweet persistence and bitter persistence. The samples were classified on a scale from zero (0) to ten (10), with zero indicating immediate onset, no intensity, aqueous / low viscosity or very acute peak, and ten indicating very late onset, high intensity, thick / high viscosity or very balanced peak. A single one-way ANOVA factor was used to analyze sensory results, where α = 0.05. The results are shown in Figures 13 to 16. Discussion
[0574] Reb X / Reb B combinations showed increased sweetness (ie synergy) compared to Reb X alone (Figure 14). The combination of Reb X / Reb B also showed a balanced profile of greater sweetness with improved sweetness intensity, onset and bitterness perception compared to Reb X alone.
[0575] Reb X / NSF-02 combinations had an overall balanced taste profile (Figure 13). 25 ppm NSF-02 shows a slight improvement in the overall sweetness profile over Reb X alone, but had little impact on other attributes. The combination of Reb X / NSF-02 with 100 ppm NSF-02 had delayed onset sweetness and a slightly increased sweetness intensity.
[0576] The Reb X / Mogroside V combinations had increased astringency, acidity and buccal lining compared to the other evaluated combinations (Figure 15). Higher levels of mogroside V increased sweetness and persistence of sweetness.
[0577] Reb X / erythritol combinations had an overall balanced taste profile (Figure 16). The combinations had reduced acidity, reduced bitterness, reduced astringency and reduced bitterness persistence compared to Reb X alone. At levels above 1% (by weight), erythritol provides additional sweetness and early onset of sweetness. Combinations of Reb X and two other non-caloric sweeteners
[0578] Three sets of the following formulations were prepared: Formulation 1: 300 ppm Reb X Formulation 2: 300 ppm Reb X and 100 ppm Reb A Formulation 3: 300 ppm Reb X and 100 ppm Reb D
[0579] All samples were prepared in acidified water. The sweetened samples were evaluated by 7 semi-trained panel members at room temperature. The samples were provided to the panel members sequentially and coded with three-digit numbers. The order of presentation of the sample was randomized to avoid deviation in the order of presentation. Water and crackers without salt were provided to cleanse the palate. Panel members were asked to rate different attributes, including the beginning of sweetness, total sweetness, balanced sweetness, bitterness, acidity, leafy hint, licorice, astringency, mouthfeel, mouth covering, sweet persistence and bitter persistence. The samples were classified on a scale from zero (0) to ten (10), with zero indicating immediate onset, no intensity, aqueous / low viscosity or very acute peak and ten indicating very late onset, high intensity, thick / high viscosity or very balanced peak. A single one-way ANOVA factor was used to analyze sensory results, where α = 0.05. The results are shown in Figure 17. Discussion
[0580] Both formulation 2 (Reb X and Reb A) and formulation 3 (Reb X and Reb D) showed increased sweetness and overall sweetness profile (peak sweetness) compared to Reb X alone. In addition, both formulations 2 and 3 showed decreased leafy evidence compared to Reb X alone. Formulation 3 showed greater improvement in sweetness intensity, overall sweetness profile, bitter persistence and sweet persistence. Combinations of Reb X and three other non-caloric sweeteners
[0581] Three sets of the following formulations were prepared: Formulation 1: 300 ppm Reb X; Formulation 2: 200 ppm Reb X, 100 ppm Reb A and 100 ppm Reb D; Formulation 3: 300 ppm Reb X, 50 ppm Reb B and 50 ppm Reb D.
[0582] All samples were prepared in acidified water. The sweetened samples were evaluated by 11 semi-trained panel members at room temperature. The samples were provided to the panel members sequentially and coded with three-digit numbers. The order of presentation of the sample was randomized to avoid deviation in the order of presentation. Water and crackers without salt were provided to cleanse the palate. Panel members were asked to rate different attributes, including sweetness onset, total sweetness, balanced sweetness, bitterness, acidity, leafy hint, licorice, astringency, mouthfeel, mouth covering, sweet persistence and bitter persistence. The samples were classified on a scale from zero (0) to ten (10), with zero indicating immediate onset, no intensity, aqueous / low viscosity or very acute peak and ten indicating very late onset, high intensity, thick / high viscosity or very balanced peak. A single one-way ANOVA factor was used to analyze sensory results, where α = 0.05. The results are shown in Figure 18. Discussion
[0583] Both formulation 2 (Reb X, Reb A and Reb D) and formulation 3 (Reb X, Reb B and Reb D) showed increased sweetness onset, general sweetness profile (peak sweetness) and decreased persistence ( bitter and sweet persistence) compared to Reb X alone. Formulation 2, which had a lower Reb X content compared to formulas 1 and 3, showed a greater improvement in the overall sweetness and persistence profile.

权利要求:
Claims (19)
[0001]
1. Sweetener drink characterized by the fact that the sweetener drink comprises Rebaudioside X (Reb X) and a compound selected from the group consisting of Rebaudioside A (Reb A), Rebaudioside B (Reb B), Rebaudioside D (Reb D), Mogroside V , erythritol and their combinations, in which the concentration of Reb X in the drink is from 50 ppm to 600 ppm.
[0002]
2. Drink according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the sweetener drink comprises Reb X and Reb A.
[0003]
3. Drink according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the sweetener drink comprises Reb X and Reb B.
[0004]
4. Drink according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the sweetener drink comprises Reb X and Reb D.
[0005]
5. Drink according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the fact that the pH of the drink is 2 to 5.
[0006]
6. Beverage according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the Reb A, Reb B or Reb D, respectively, comprise from 5% to 40% by weight of the sweetener drink.
[0007]
7. Drink according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that RebX is present in a concentration of 50 to 600 ppm and Reb A is present in a concentration of 10 to 500 ppm.
[0008]
8. Drink, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that RebX is present in a concentration of 50 to 600 ppm and RebB is present in a concentration of 10 to 150 ppm.
[0009]
9. Drink according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that Reb X is present in a concentration of 50 ppm to 600 ppm and Reb D is present in a concentration of 10 to 500 ppm.
[0010]
10. Drink according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that RebX is present in a concentration of about 300 ppm and RebD is present in a concentration of about 100 ppm.
[0011]
11. Drink according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that Reb X is present in a concentration of 50 to 600 ppm and Mogroside V is present in a concentration of 10 to 250 ppm.
[0012]
12. Drink, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that RebX is present in a concentration of 50 to 600 ppm of the drink and the erythritol is 0.1% to 3.5% by weight of the sweetener component.
[0013]
13. Drink according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the drink is a zero-calorie drink that has less than 5 calories per 8 oz (20.9 kJ per 237 ml) serving.
[0014]
14. Drink according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by the fact that it further comprises a carbohydrate sweetener selected from the group consisting of sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose and their combinations.
[0015]
15. Drink, according to claim 14, characterized by the fact that the carbohydrate sweetener is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, fructose, glucose and their combinations.
[0016]
16. Drink according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by the fact that the drink is selected from the group consisting of improved carbonated drinks, colas, lemon flavored carbonated drinks, orange flavored drinks, carbonated drinks with grape flavor, strawberry flavored carbonated drinks, pineapple flavored carbonated drinks, ginger soft drinks, soft drinks, fruit juices, fruit flavored juices, juices, nectars, vegetable juices, vegetable flavored juices, sports drinks, beverages energy drinks, beverages enriched with water, coconut water, beverages like tea, coffee, cocoa beverages, beverages containing dairy components, beverages containing cereal extracts and smoothies.
[0017]
17. Drink according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized by the fact that it further comprises one or more functional ingredients selected from the group consisting of saponins, antioxidants, sources of dietary fiber, fatty acids, vitamins, glucosamine, minerals, preservatives, hydrating agents, probiotics, prebiotics, weight control agents, osteoporosis management agents, phytoestrogens, long chain primary aliphatic saturated alcohols, phytosterols and combinations thereof.
[0018]
18. Drink according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that RebX is present in an amount effective to provide sucrose equivalence greater than 10%.
[0019]
19. Drink according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises Rebaudioside X in an amount of 100 ppm to 600 ppm.

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法律状态:
2018-03-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

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2019-05-21| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|

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2019-09-17| B06G| Technical and formal requirements: other requirements [chapter 6.7 patent gazette]|

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2020-02-04| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-05-19| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-09-15| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

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2021-01-05| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 19/12/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201161577202P| true| 2011-12-19|2011-12-19|

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US61/577,202|2011-12-19|

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US201261651099P| true| 2012-05-24|2012-05-24|

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US61/651,099|2012-05-24|

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PCT/US2012/070562|WO2013096420A1|2011-12-19|2012-12-19|Methods for purifying steviol glycosides and uses of the same|BR122020009091-0A| BR122020009091B1|2011-12-19|2012-12-19|METHOD TO PURIFY REB X|